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AP World History
Valhalla High School Bentley AP World Ch. 6
| term | definition | significance | unit | time period | chapter | region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bering land bridge | A land bridge connecting Alaska to Siberia that formed during the ice age. | The Bering land bridge allowed people to migrate to the western hemisphere, when previously, migrations were impossible because watercraft had not been invented. | 1 | 8000 BCE- 600 CE | 6 | Mesoamerica |
| Maize | The staple food of Mesoamerica. | With maize, agriculture thrived because the Mesoamericas were able to produce it in abundance. | 1 | 8000 BCE- 600 CE | 6 | Mesoamerica |
| Olmec | This early central American society of "rubber people" was an authoritarian society centered on ceremonial centers. | The Olmec cultural traditions such as the use of ceremonial centers and the construction of giant structures influenced all complex societies of Mesoamerica until the arrival of Europeans in the 16th century. | 1 | 8000 BCE- 600 CE | 6 | Mesoamerica |
| San Lorenzo/La Venta/Tres Zapotes | These were three ceremonial centers of the Olmec society. | Not only did the ceremonial centers serve as central capital cities of the Olmec, but in their region, rainfall was abundant so agriculture was successful. | 1 | 8000 BCE- 600 CE | 6 | Mesoamerica |
| Colossal heads | Large Olmec basalt rock sculptures of heads, likely to have been modeled after rulers, that were at largest 3 meters tall and twenty tons. | These sculptures, native to Mesoamerica, show the distinct nature of American societies, considering these heads are found no where else in the world. The heads display the effects of the isolation of the Olmec society. | 1 | 8000 BCE- 600 CE | 6 | Mesoamerica |
| Maya | Being the first heirs of the Olmecs, this society flourished because of their their 80+ ceremonial centers, and their innovations in agricultural, mathematics and astronomy. | With their creation of the calendar, the Maya were able to keep better track of the days of the year, and were also able to keep track of and pedict aricultural cycles. | 1 | 8000 BCE- 600 CE | 6 | Mesoamerica |
| Tikal | Large Mayan political and ceremonial center with a population approaching 40 thousand. Had enormous paved plazas, temples, pyramids, palaces, and public buildings. The Temple of Giant Jaguar dominated the city's skyline | Most important Maya political center between the fourth and ninth century CE. The Temple of The Giant Jaguar represented the city's control over the surrounding regions. | 1 | 8000 BCE - 600 CE | 6 | Mesoamerica |
| Chichén Itzá | Mayan state in the northern Yucatan Peninsula between the ninth and eleventh centuries CE. Rulers began new practice of absorbing captives into society rather than kill or sacrifice them. | Created the development of a larger political framework for Maya society, brought political stability to N. Yucatan, and dampened hostile conflicts between small kingdoms. | 1 | 8000 BCE - 600 CE | 6 | Mesoamerica |
| Mayan achievements | Mayan calender and the concept of zero developed from advances in astronomy and mathematics. Maya calender had two kinds of year: solar (365 days) that governed agriclutural cycle and the ritual (260 days) that governed daily affairs. | Maya solar year is used today as is the concept of zero. Concept of zero led to calculation of calender days. In Mayan time the calender's two years organized life and the combination of the two years's days could lead to different fortunes and events. | 1 | 8000 BCE - 600 CE | 6 | Mesoamerica |
| Popul Vuh | Mayan creation myth that taught the gods had created human beings out of maize and water, the ingredients that became human flesh and blood. | Reflected fundamental role of agriculture in Maya society, much like religious thought in early complex societies of the eastern hemishphere. | 1 | 8000 CE - 600 CE | 6 | Mesoamerica |
| bloodletting rituals | Most important sacrifices Mayans performed believing that it would prompt their gods to send rain to water their crops of maize. Rather brutal and led to more bloodshed than needed. | Demonstrates the depth of Mayan belief that that they inhabited a world created and sustained by dieties who expected honor and reverence from their human subjects. | 1 | 8000 BCE - 600 CE | 6 | Mesoamerica |
| Chavín Cult | Religion that appeared in central Andes and spread to territories of modern Peru. Precise purpose of the cult is a mystery. | Extensize distribution of temples and carvings that accompanied the cult shows its importance to devotees at the time. Andean society also became extremely complex at this time | 1 | 8000 BCE - 600 CE | 6 | Mesoamerica |
| Mochicha State | -based in the valley of the Moche River | (blank) | (blank) | (blank) | (blank) | (blank) |
| Austronesian Migrations | highly skilled in maritime and agricultural techonology migrated to many of the islands in the Pacific Ocean | migrations created human settlements and colonies on uncharted islands, linking oceania to the rest of the world | 1 | 800 BCE-600 BCE | 6 | Oceania |
| Austronesian Agriculture | grew and raised yams, taro, pigs, and chicken in New Guinea | brought population growth and specialization of labor to oceania | 1 | 800 BCE- 600 BCE | 6 | Oceania |
| Austronesian People | People of the Pacific Ocean islands, were excellent seafaring and agricultural people | began process of social and economic change, in which they connected the pacific islands to the rest of the world | 1 | 800 BCE - 600 BCE | 6 | Oceania |
| Machicha State | based in the valley of the Moche River, highly artistic people leaving behind many artifacts | artifacts left behind are some of the few still intact from the early south american civilizations, provide some light for historians on what life might have been like from their paintings and drawings | 1 | 800 BCE - 600 BCE | 6 | Mesoamerica |
| Galapagos | island of the coast of south america, home to millions of species of animals, people lived in relative seclusions from the rest of the world until spanish explorers visited | lived in even more seclusion from the outside world than did the mainland people of south america | 1 | 800 BCE - 600 BCE | 6 | Mesoamerica |
Created by:
alexakellieshannon
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