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Chapter 1 Vocab 4
Human Geography People, Place and Culture 2013-2014 at Santa Fe High Mr. Hendry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| geographic information systems (GIS) | goegraphers use this advancement in computer technology and data storage to compare a variety of spatial data by combining layers of spatial data in a computerized environment, creating maps in which patterns processes are superimposed. |
| formal region | a physical criteria of an area and can also be defined by cultural traits (the people share one or more cultura traits-- food, belief systems, dress, dances, hair styles, languages etc.) |
| functional region | the product of interactions of movement of various kinds. (e.g. a city, has a surrounding region within which workers commute, either to the downtown area to subsidiary centers such as office parks and shopping malls-- that entire urban area.) |
| perceptual regions | intellectual constructs designed to help us understand the nature and distribution of phenomena in human geography. (Zelinsky's article "North America's Vernacular Regions") |
| culture | refers to the music, literature, an the arts of a society, and all other features of its way of life: dress, routine living habits, food, architecture, education, government, law, even agricultural practices. (closely associated with Anthropology.) |
| cultural trait | a signle attribute or characteristic of a culture. (e.g. wearing a turban) |
| culture complex | more than one culture may exhibit a culture trait, but each will consist of a discrete combination of traits.. (e.g. herding cattler-- but it's used in diferent ways by different cultures. Maasai, E. Africa) |
| cultural hearth | an area where cultural traits develop (originate) and from which the cultural traits diffuse |
| independent invention | the tern for a trait with many hearths that developed independent of each other |
| culture diffusion | process where something spreads-- an idea or innovation from its hearth (source) to other places. (Carl Sauer- Agricultural Origins and Dispersals; Haegerstand, 1970 brought in time and distance to the equation.) |
| time-distance decay | both and time and distance can cause something not to be adopted the longer it takes to reach its potential adopters. The farther a place is from the hearth or longer the idea takes to get there, the less likely it will be adopted. |
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