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AP World History
Valhalla High School Bentley AP World Ch. 26
| APWH-CH26 | Term | Definition | Significance | Time Period | Chapter 26 | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (blank) | Fulani | A pastoral people of sub-Saharan Africa, who for centuries kept herds of cattle in the savannas of west Africa and held concerns about the purity of Islam. | From 1680 until the nineteenth century, the Fulani led military campaigns in which the goal was to establish Islamic states and impose their own brand of Islam in west Africa. | 15th- 19th century | Chapter 26, Page 703 | sub-Saharan and west Africa |
| (blank) | King Alfonso I of Kongo | Ruler in sub-Saharan Africa who adopted European-style Christianity as a foundation for commercial and political alliances with Portugal. | He was supported by the Portuguese community in Kongo and Angolia because of his support for the introduction of Roman Catholic Christianity to central Africa. | Reigned 1506-1542 | Chapter 26, Page 704 | Kongo |
| (blank) | The Antonian Movement | Started by Dona Beatriz in 1704, this movement proclaimed that St. Anthony of Padua had possessed her and chosen her to communicate his message. | Through this movement, Dona Beatriz told Kongolese to ignore European missionaries and listen to her disciples instead. She tried to use her teachings to end the wars plaguing Kongo. | 1704-1708 | Chapter 26, Page 704-705 | Kongo |
| (blank) | Dona Beatriz | An aristocratic woman who founded Antonianism, a syncretic African religion that preached that Jesus was a black African male and that heaven was for Africans | Her movement became a challenge to Christian missionaries in Kongo and so she was arrested on suspicion of heresy. She was determined to have been fake prophet and to have taught false doctrine. | 1704-1706 | Chapter 26, Page 704-705 | Kongo |
| (blank) | King Pedro IV | The King of Kongo who arrested Dona Beatriz and had her sentenced to death for leading the Antonian Movement. | In 1708, he was challenged by about twenty thousand Antonians because they considered him an unworthy ruler. This shows how the Kongolese Christians normally created a faith was based off of their own needs and the interests of European missionaries. | Early 1700’s | Chapter 26, Page 705 | Kongo |
| (blank) | Kinship Groups | Extremely important social units that were created after the Bantu migrations and served as the basis for organization. | These groups kept leadership and rules prominent by making prominent individuals the leaders and having them discipline the people who did not behave according to community standards. | early modern era | Chapter 26, Page 705 | sub-Saharan Africa |
| (blank) | Triangular Trade | A labor demand in the western hemisphere started this commerce in which there was trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. This trade was based on finished products from Europe, slaves from Africa, and raw materials from America on their way to Eur | This trade cycle demonstrates the brutality that the slaves had to experience between their capture and their unfair treatment. | 18th century | Chapter 26, Page 707-708 | western hemisphere: Europe, Africa, and the Americas |
| (blank) | The Middle Passage | The trans-Atlantic journey in dirty and crowded slave ships that captured slaves were forced to embark upon. | This jouney shows the unfair treatments of slaves exemplified in the facts that they were forced to lie in chains with barely an room around them, experience harsh conditions, and were thrown in the ocean if found to be sickly or a waste of space. | 18th century | Chapter 26, Page 708 | western hemisphere |
| (blank) | Cash Crops | The plantations specialized in the productions of certain cultural crops that were high in demand; these are called cash crops.Many were sugar, tobacco, rice, and indigo. | Not only did the crops of support in nutrition for the local communities, but they're main significance was to make a profit from the exports. | 1500's | (blank) | Plantations; specifically Brazil, Caribbean, and Americas |
| (blank) | Regional Differences | Plantations differed from one region to another and slaves were continually getting sick with topical diseases. | The plantations owners had to continually import slaves thus, higher death rates | 1500's | (blank) | Caribbean and South America |
| (blank) | Resistance to Slavery | Slaves didn't like their work loads. | This led to sabotaged plans such as damaging plantation equipment or run-aways. | 15-1600's | (blank) | One example is in present day Suriname |
| (blank) | Slave Revolts | Slaves would outnumber their masters and overwhelm them. | They never led to the end of slavery because the ruling elites would have access to fire arms and horses, therefor stopping the revolts before major damage. | 1700's | (blank) | Haiti and Saint Dominque were the most popular |
| (blank) | African and Creole Languages | Whenever there was a large enough group of slaves, they were able to use their native tongues with one another. | The languages were a common mix of African and European languages. | 15-1700's | (blank) | South Carolina had a large population of slaves where this was possible |
| (blank) | African - American Religions | Religions were combined from different societies, but mostly syncretic faiths with room for cultural traditions. | Most never made it back to the priests or church officials, but the most popular ones were Vodoo and Santeria. | 15-1600's | (blank) | Haiti, Brazil and Cuba (were mostly practiced in these regions) |
| (blank) | Olaudah Equilano | A freed slave who was an abolitionist (toward slavery) who wrote an auto biography on his personal journey through slavery. | His book became a best seller and helped in the movement towards the abolition of slavery. | (blank) | (blank) | (blank) |
| (blank) | End of Slave Trade/Abolition of Slavery | Slave trade ended but did not stop all slavery. | The end of the slave trade eventually led to the abolition of slavery. | 1800's | (blank) | Started in Denmark, then Britain, US and France |
| (blank) | Sunni Ali | Led the Songhay Empire in the conquest to win Jenne and Timbuktu (1464), Built powerful administrative government and military. Also created an imperial navy to control the Niger River for trade. | Sunni Ali created a longlasting system of rule that helped his empire keep control long after his own death. Also the creation of the imperial navy helped the empire to control a thriving trade route and benefit economically. | ruled 1464 - 1493 | (blank) | NIger River Vally |
| (blank) | Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer who was the first to control and maintain the Swahili cities for the benefit of his homeland. | Vasco da Gama opened the Swahili cities for Portuguese trade and rule. Although not beneficial to the Portuguese later on, this disturbing of the tribes ultimately caused the decline of the states. | traveled 1497 - 1502 | (blank) | (blank) |
| (blank) | Kingdom of Kongo | Emerged in the 14th century. It's centralized government had branches of judicial, military, and financial affairs. The kings of Kongo converted to Christianity to help their diplomatic relations with the Portuguese. | Kongo helped the Portuguese extend their power into Africa, and allowed Christianity to spread and impact Africa. | circa 1483 - 1665 | (blank) | Kongo |
| (blank) | Queen Nzinga | Queen of Angola, led the resistance against the Portuguese for forty years. She dressed as a king would, and even had "concubines" (men dressed up as women) accompany her. Her goal was to defeat the Portuguese, then expel the Dutch. | Queen Nzinga held off the Portuguese for forty years, but once she died the rule and influence of the Portuguese spread rapidly. | ruled 1623 - 1663 | (blank) | Angola in Africa |
| (blank) | Songhay Empire | Emergered circa 8th century emipire. Was built around the Gao trade center, All of it's emperors were Muslim and ruled through promoting the Islamic faith. Most important ruler was Sunni Ali. Defeated by Moroccan army. | The Songhay Empire was the first of it's region to reject Mali rule. Also it's promotion and spread of Islam helped the faith further influence and impact Africa, | 1464 - 1591 | (blank) | Niger River Valley |
| (blank) | Kingdom of Ndongo | Became a large thriving kingdom directly due to it's trade with Portuguese. In 1665, Portuguese established the colony of Ndongo, and it steadily grew as it became more and more involved with slave trading. | With the help of Portuguese merchants, Ndongo became a thriving city. It's slave activity became well-known and is a partial cause of the diffusion of slavery world-wide. | circa 16th century | (blank) | Ndongo in Africa |
| (blank) | Bantu Migrations | The Bantu peoples originally migrated from Congo, but spread their language systems, farming, and iron-working to every African region. | The Bantu Migrations were the original cause of the settling of the most southern regions of Africa. Also, the iron and farming techniques aided in the stabilization of African societies and the development of permanent civilizations. | 500 B.C. - 1500 A.D. | (blank) | All Over Africa |
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