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M6 13-005
Exam 17: Cancer Medications
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| How is chemotherapy used? | reduce the size or slow the growth of metastic cancer. |
| Action of Chemotherapy | works by interfering with the cells’ replication process (ability to multiply or reproduce). |
| What happens to the cell with chemotherapy? | The cell is damaged and causes cellular death |
| Which cells are affected with chemotherapy? | Both malignant and normal cells are affected. |
| Three types of rapidly dividing human cells and are also affected with chemotherapy. | Hematopoetic system. bone marrow cells. Hair follicles. GI system. |
| Cancer drugs are also known as what type of drugs? | Antineoplastic |
| Drugs that are cytotoxic in any phase of cell cycle are called what? | Cell cycle-nonspecific |
| Alkylating Agents interfere with | DNA replication |
| Examples of Alkylating Agents are | Cyclophosphamide, Cisplatin, and Carboplatin |
| Antitumor Antibiotics inhibit what? | DNA and RNA synthesis |
| Examples of Antitumor Antibiotics are | Bleomycin, Doxorubicin, and Mitoxantrone |
| Drugs that are cytotoxic during a specific cell cycle phase are called | cell cycle-specific drugs |
| Antimetabolites do what to cells in what phase? | the cell in the S phase |
| Examples of Antimetabolites are | Cytarabine, Fluorouracil, and Methotrexate |
| Vinca Alkaloids are what? | mitotic inhibitors and inhibit cell division during the M phase |
| Examples of Vinca Alkaloids | Etoposide, Vinblastine, and Vincristine |
| Miscellaneous chemotherapy agents include | hormonal drugs, radioactive drugs and other drugs that do not fit in other categories. |
| A newer class of chemotherapy drugs is known as | Monoclonal antibodies |
| What is beneficial about Monoclonal Antibodies? | . In cancer treatment they have advantages over traditional antineoplastics in that they can specifically target cancer cells and have minimal effect on healthy cells. |
| Chemotherapy Side effects: Hematopoietic System | Patient must be monitored for bone marrow suppression. |
| Neutropenia is | the loss of neutrophils |
| Normal Values for neutrophils | 3000-7000/mm3 |
| Neutropenia Value | <1000/mm3 |
| Severe Neutropenia Value | <500/mm3 |
| Without enough neutrophils, what happens to the body’s first line of defense | collapses, opening the way for pneumonia, septicemia, or other potentially overwhelming infections. |
| Two mechanisms of Alopecia | Hair roots atrophied-hair falls out often in large clumps. Hair shaft constricted-hair breaks off near the scalp for a patchy, thinning pattern of hair loss. |
| Chemotherapy Side effects: GI system | Stomatitis. N/V/D. |
| What is extravastation? | the unintended leakage of a chemotherapy drug into the surrounding tissues outside of the IV line. |
| What can extravastation cause? | severe tissue damage and necrosis |
| Chemotherapy meds: Good to know! | These drugs may cause reproductive suppression or sterility. |
| Narcotic opioids are classified as what? (pertaining to cancer) | drugs most often used to control advanced cancer pain. |
Created by:
jtzuetrong
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