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Studyhelper #5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A joint united by dense fibrous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement is a? | Syndesmosis |
| A joint of the body that contains a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage would be classified as a? | Symphysis Joint |
| The following characteristics-presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, articular capsule define what type of joint? | Hinge |
| Connective tissue sacs that act as cushions in places where friction develops are referred to as? | Bursae |
| What type of joint affords triaxial movement? | Ball and Socket |
| Articulations that are slightly moveable are referred to as? | Amphiarthroses |
| The movement of a bone around its long axis is an example of? | Rotation |
| All of the joints are freely movable except the? | Syndesmosis |
| A movement in which the distal end of a bone moves in a circle while the proximal end remains relatively stable is called? | Circumduction |
| Which joint is not a synovial joint? | Symphysis |
| What are Tropic Hormones? | Hormones that stimulate other Endocrine Glands |
| What provides mechanism for contraction of muscle cells and functions in replication of cells? | Cytoskeleton |
| What produces enzymes & proteins, distributes material, is fluid protion of cell and center of metabolic activity? | Cytoplasm (Cytosol) |
| How much of body weight is water? | 50-60% |
| What in water determines how well the various chemical reactions of the body occur? | Acidity & Alkalinity |
| The effector organs for the somatic motor nervous system are? | Skeletal Muscle |
| This characteristic is in which system :has one neuron between Central Nervous System and Skeletal Muscle? | Somatic Motor Nervous System |
| Which system does this characteristic belong to: Neurotransmitters can be acetylcholine or norepinephrine? | ANS |
| Which nerve system innervates smooth muscle in the esophagus & lung, sweat glands in the skin of head and neck, smooth muscle in the blood vessels of the head, salivary glands and eye,smooth muscle in the wall of the pancreas? | SYMPATHETIC |
| Which type of nerves innervate: smooth muscle in blood vessels, abdominopelvic organs,walls of organs and gland in the abdomen,the pancreas,liver and prostate gland? | SPLANCHNIC |
| When acetycholine binds to nicotinic receptors, the response is ? | Always excitatory |
| When acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors the response is? | Either excitatory or inhibitory |
| Increased contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tract would be a result of the stimulation of which nervous system division? | Parasympathetic |
| Is secretion of sweat a function of parasympathetic stimulation? | NO |
| In the autonomic reflex that regulates blood pressure, the type of sensory receptors involved are? | Baroreceptors |
| The blood vessels are innervated almost entirely by? | The Sympathetic Division |
| Which division mediate the many reflexes that regulate the digestive, urinary & reproductive systems? | Parasympathetic |
| A client suffering a myocardial infarction (heart attach) has cold, clammy skin because of strong stimulation of the? | Sympathetic Division |
| The thick connective tissue layer of the digestive tract that contains blood vessels, small glands, and a nerve plexus is the? | Submucosa Layer |
| The intramural plexus is associated with the | Parasympathetic division of the ANS |
| The mesentery that connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon and posterior body wall is the ? | Parietal Peritoneum |
| The muscles responsible for protuding and retracting the tongue, moving it from side to side and changing it's shape are the? | Extrinsic tongue muscles |
| Large mucosal folds formed when the stomach is empty are called? | Rugae |
| The liver, gallbladder and pancreas are connected to ducts which enter the ? | Duodenum |
| Besides capillaries, villi also contain lymphatic vessels called? | Lacteals |
| The most nutrient absorption takes place in the? | Duodenum and Jejunum |
| Name the structures that food passes through from the small intestine to the anus? | cecum,transverse colon,descending colon,sigmoid colon,rectum |
| Is the rib a part of the axial skeleton? | YES |
| What is a small flattened articular surface? | A Facet |
| The general term for depression in a bone is? | Fossa |
| The suture that separates the parietal bones from the occipital bone is the ? | Lambdoid Suture |
| What small ridges extend laterally from the external occipital protuberance and serve as points of attachment for several neck muscles? | Nuchal Lines |
| The largest foramen in the skull is? | Foramen Magnum |
| The mastoid process and mastoid air cells are part of the? | Temporal Bone |
| Does the nasal bone articulate with the sphenoid bone? | NO |
| Which part of the mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone? | Condylar Process |
| The zygomatic arch consists of processes from the? | Temporal and Zygomatic Bones? |
| Does the temporal bone form part of the orbit? | NO |
| Where is the pituitary gland located? | In a fossa of the sphenoid bone |
| Is the Zygomatic bone a part of the cranial vault? | NO |
| Which vertebrae have long, thin spinous processes and possess articular facets on their lateral surfaces to articulate with ribs? | Thoracic |
| When does the lumbar curve develop? | After birth |
| Would pregnancy be most likely to contribute to Lordosis? | YES |
| The openings between vertebrae through which spinal nerves exit from the spinal cord are? | Intervertebral Foramina |
| The region of the vertebral column that is most susceptible to herniated disks is the? | Lumbar Region |
| Normally how many cervical vertebrae are there? | 7 |
| On the sacrum, the landmark that separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity is the ? | Sacral Promontory |
| The articular facet for the transverse process of a vertebra is found on the___________of a rib? | Tubercle |
| The part of the scapula that articulates with the humerus is the? | The Glenoid Fossa |
| The clavicle articulates with what two bones? | The scapula and sternum |
| Greater and lesser tubercles are found on the ? | Humerus |
| Greater and lesser trochanters are found on the? | Femur |
| How many carpal bones make up the wrist? | 8 |
| How many tarsal bones make up the ankle? | 7 |
| Two bones that have prominent epicondyles are? | Femur and Humerus |
| The radial notch is found on the? | ULNA |
| Which stucture on the fibula forms part of the ankle bone (distal portion)? | Lateral Malleolus |
| The ball of the foot is the junction between the ? | Metatarsals and Phalanges? |
| Which muscle is not a medial rotator of the arm? | Supraspinatus |
| Does scalenus posterior attach to the atlas? | NO |
| Which neck muscles attach to the atlas? | Levator scapulae,obliquus capitis interior,rectus capitis posterior minor,rectus capitis anterior |
| Which artery lies on the anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle? | Ascending cervical artery |
| Which structures are contained within the submandibular triangle? | Lingual,facial nerve,submandibular gland, hypoglossal nerve |
| Which structure is not covered by the enveloping layer of deep cervial fascia? | Platysma |
| The pacemaker for the heart is ordinarily the ? | Sinoatrial node |
| On a fracture of the clavicle the medial fragment is tilted upward, which muscle would cause this? | Sternocleidomastoid |
| Which muscle is innervated by both the ulnar and median nerves? | Flexor digitorum profundus |
| Which muscles extend the wrist? | Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum |
| Where does the sympathetic trunk extend from? | The base of the skull to the coccyx |
| What does ipsilateral mean? | Same side |
| What does dorsal mean? | Posterior |
| What does supine mean? | Lying on back |
| Which nerve sends branches to the muscles of the arm? | Musculocutaneous |
| What happens when these muscles contract: Lateral pterygoids,geniohyoids,mylohyoid,digastics | Depression of the jaw (opening of the mouth) |
| When you move the thumb at a right angle to the palmar plane it is called? | AB-duction of the thumb |
| To what structure do these muscles attach to:Levator scapulae,rhomboideus major,serratus anterior,rhomboideus minor? | Medial border of the scapula |
| The four chief bony attachments of the flexor retinaculum are: | Hamate,pisiform,trapezium,scaphoid |
| What level of the vertebrae is the superior angle of the scapula located? | The superior angle is located at T-1 vertebral level |
| Is splenius capitis part of a transverse-spinalis group? | NO |
| With what bones does the elbow joint articulate with principally? | The humerus and the ulna |
| Do the metacarpophalangeal joints permit rotation? | NO |
| What movements do the interphalangeal joints permit? | Flexion and Extension |
| What is a common characteristic of these muscles:long head of triceps brachii,biceps brachii,flexor carpi radialis,flexor carpi ulnaris? | These muscles act across two or more joints |
| Where do these muscles originate at least in part from:flexor carpi ulnaris,flexor digitorum superficialis,pronator teres,flexor carpi radalis? | The medial epicondyle of the humerus |
| What type of joint is radio-humeral joint? | Uniaxial |
| What type of joint is atlanto-axial joint? | Uniaxial |
| What type of joints are all interphalangeal joint? | Uniaxial |
| What type of joint is the radio-ulnar joint? | Uniaxial |
| How are the erector spinae muscles divided? | Spinalis, longissimus and iliocostal groups |
| Which muscles collectively extend the vertebral column? | Erector Spinae |
| Which nerve or one of its branches innervates: long head of triceps,supinator,abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis? | Radial Nerve |
| What is a function of the superior and inferior articular facets of the vertebrae? | They allow rotation of the atlas on the axis (as when shaking the head to indicate a negative response) |
| Is teres major a contributor to the rotator cuff of the shoulder? | NO |
| Loss of opposition of the thumb is a symptom associated with lesion of the? | Median Nerve |
| Which carpal bones articulates with the radius? | Scaphoid |
| Which nerve innervates these muscles:dorsal interossei,adductor pollicis, flexor digitorum produndus, abductor minimi? | Ulnar Nerve |
| The distal phalanx of the middle finger is flexed by? | Flexor digitorum profundus |
| The anterior wall of the vertebral canal is formed by? | Anterior longitudinal ligament |
| Where do these muscles originate:rectus capitis posterior major, splenius capitis, obliquus capitis inferior, splenius cervicis? | The spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae |
| Which bones does the shoulder girdle include? | Clavicle, scapula |
| The muscle attached to the whole lenght of the caudal lip of the scapular spine is the? | Deltoid |
| An accessory ligament of the should joint that forms a protective arch for that joint by protecting against upward displacement of the humeral head is the? | Coracoacromial Ligament |
| What is a characteristic of the cervical vertebrae? | They allow extention , flexion and rotation of the neck |
| Oxytocin is secreted by the? | Pituitary |
| Androgens are secreted by the gonads and the? | Adrenals |
| What endocrine gland is also part of the Lymphatic System? | Thymus |
| Melatonin is implicated in? | Sleep regulation |
| A client whose occupation is an emergency medical tech and firefighter may encounter strain in what endocrine function? | Adrenals |
| Which non-western concept would mostly likely correlate with the endocrine system? | Chakras |
| Hair follicles are found in what areas of the skin? | Dermis |
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