Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

M6 13-005

Exam 13: Parathyroid Disorders

TermDefinition
Trousseau's sign inflate BP cuff on the upper arm, above the systolic reading and hold. Wait 3 minutes and observe client for carpopedal spasm (spasm of the hand flexing inward).
Laryngospasms constriction of the airway causing dyspnea with long, crowing respirations as the air tries to get past the constriction. Cyanosis may be present, and the patient may be in danger of asphyxia and cardiac dysrhythmias.
Chvostek's sign patient's mouth twitches and jaw tightens when facial nerve (immediately in front of ear) is tapped.
Parathyroid Glands (Location) Four glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.
Parathyroid Glands: Function Secrete parathormone. ↑ concentration of Ca and regulates the amount of Phosporus in the blood. Release ↑ reabsorption of calcium and magnesium from kidney tubules and increases elimination of phosphorous by kidneys.
Hypoparathyroidism ↑ parathyroid hormone release, resulting in ↓ levels of serum Ca. Idiopathic form is rare. Inadvertent removal or destruction of one or more of the tiny parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy is the most common cause.
Calcium Primary element which makes muscles contract & gives bones rigidity. Normal conductions of electrical currents along nerves. Essential element of the clotting process.
Too much Calcium Kidney stones. Depressed neural function. Calcium deposits in soft tissue.
Too little Calcium Muscle tetany. Osteoprosis. Retarded growth in children.
Phosphorus Inverse proportion of Calcium. Important for energy storage and transfer. Component of bones and teeth. ↓ levels lead to poor growth.
Hypoparathyroidism: Clinical Manifestations (Hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia) Neuromuscular hyperexcitability. Involuntary and uncontrollable muscle spasms. Hypocalcemic tetany.
Hypoparathyroidism: Clinical Manifestations (Severe hypocalcemia) Laryngeal spasm, stridor, cyanosis with increased risk of asphyxia. Calcification of the basal ganglia in the brain.
Hypoparathyroidism: Subjective Assessment Complaint of dysphagia. Complaint of numbness and tingling. Anxiety, irritability, depression. Headaches, nausea. Kidney stone formation due to increased renal excretion.
Hypoparathyroidism: Objective Data (1) Positive Chvostek's sign. Positive Trousseau's sign. Laryngeal spasm/stridor. Decreased cardiac output. Spasms of the extremities.
Hypoparathyroidism: Objective Data (2) Cardiac dysrhythmias. Muscle cramping may be present. Generalized convulsions. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps.
Hypoparathyroidism: Diagnosis (Serum) Hypocalcemia Hyperphosphatemia
Hypoparathyroidism: Diagnosis (Urine) Increased urinary calcium. Decreased urinary phosphorous.
Thyroidectomy Recognition of hypoparathyroid tetany as may be seen after a
Hypoparathyroidism: Medical Management Calcium gluconate. Calcium chloride. Vitamin D. Bronchodilators. Endotracheal intubation. Mechanical ventilation. A diet high in calcium. Low in phosphorus recommended.
Hypoparathyroidism: Nursing Interventions Monitor for signs/symptoms of hypocalcemia. Keep at bedside: Emergency tracheostomy tray. Airways . Mechanical ventilation. Endotracheal intubation equipment.
Hyperparathyroidism Over production of parathormone causes: *Increased renal excretion of PO4 *Loss of Ca from bones
Hyperparathyroidism: Can result in BONES BECOME WEAK RENAL DISEASE Stones, Pyelonephritis, Uremia
Hyperparathyroidism: Causes Hypertrophy/Hyperplasia of gland tissue. Adenoma-(87-93%) (tumor in glandular tissue).
Hyperparathyroidism: Pathophysiology Affects women twice as often as men Usually occurs between 30 and 70 years of age
Hyperparathyroidism: Clinical Manifestations Hypercalcemia. Skeletal pain. Pain on weight bearing. Pathological fractures. Kidney stone formation.
Hyperparathyroidism: Subjective Data Assessment of severity of pain. Degree of muscle weakness. Complaints: -fatigue, drowsiness. apathy -nausea, constipation. Personality changes. Disorientation. Paranoia.
Hyperparathyroidism: Objective Data Skeletal deformity. Abnormal bone movement. Monitor urine (Quanity, Hematuria, Stones). Vomiting. Weight loss. Hypertension. Cardiac dysrhythmias. Bradycardia. Decreased level of consciousness. Stupor. Coma.
Hyperparathyroidism: Diagnosis Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. ↑ blood parathyroid hormone levels (PTH) and alkaline phosphatase. Urine shows ↑ urine calcium levels. X-rays may reveal skeletal decalcification (loss of calcium from bones). MRI or CT identify parathyroid adenoma.
Hyperparathyroidism: Medical Management Removal of hypertrophied gland tissue or of an individual tumor. Observe for signs and symptoms of hypoparathyroidism. Post-op management similar to that of patient with thyroidectomy.
Hyperparathyroidism: Prognosis With proper medical or surgical treatment –fairly normal life style
Parathyroid carcinoma: Prognosis very grave prognosis.
WHAT IS THE SOLE PURPOSE OF THE PARATHYROID GLAND?? TO REGULATE CALCIUM LEVELS
What is the name of the hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland? PARATHORMONE
OVER PRODUCTION OF PARATHORMONE RESULTS IN INCREASED LEVELS OF WHAT ELECTROLYTE IN THE BLOOD? CALCIUM
WHAT ARE POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS OF HYPERCALCEMIA? PATHOLOGIC FRACTURE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS RENAL DISEASE NAUSEA/VOMITING
WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF HYPOPARATHYROIDISM? TRAUMA
WHAT IS TETANY? *NUMBNESS, TINGLING IN FINGERS TOES *MUSCULAR HYPERTONIA
WHAT IS THE MEDICAL CARE FOR A PATIENT WITH HYPOPARATHYROIDISM? CALCIUM GLUCONATE ET BRONCHODILATORS VIT D HIGH CA, LOW PO4 DIET
Created by: jtzuetrong
Popular Medical sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards