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Myology
Myology for Massage Therapy (Trailguide)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| middle scalene origin | transverse processes of C-2 through C-7 |
| middle scalene insertion | 1st rib |
| middle scalene action | --unilaterally laterally flex head and neck to same side (all) --unilaterally rotate head and neck to opposite side (all) |
| posterior scalene action | --unilaterally laterally flex head and neck to same side (all) --unilaterally rotate head and neck to opposite side (all) |
| posterior scalene origin | transverse processes of C-6 and C-7 |
| posterior scalene insertion | 2nd rib |
| infraspinatus action | --extend the shoulder --laterally rotate the shoulder (--starting to put arm in coat) |
| rotator cuff muscles | --infraspinatus --suprspinatus --subscapularis --teres minor |
| infraspinatus origin | infraspinous fossa of the scapula |
| infraspinatus insertion | greater tubercle of the humerus |
| serratus anterior action | --abduct the scapula --upwardly rotate the scapula --depress the scapula (--used to throw a punch) |
| serratus anterior nickname | angel wings (also, well-developed on super heroes) |
| serratus anterior origin | external surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs |
| serratus anterior insertion | anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula |
| psoas major action | with the origin fixed --flex the hip --may laterally rotate the hip with the insertion fixed --tilt pelvis anteriorly |
| psoas major origin | bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae |
| psoas major insertion | lesser trochanter |
| anterior scalene action | --unilaterally laterally flex head and neck to same side (all) --unilaterally rotate head and neck to opposite side (all) --bilaterally flex head and neck |
| anterior scalene origin | transverse processes of C-3 through C-6 |
| anterior scalene insertion | 1st rib |
| sternocleidomastoid action | --unilaterally laterally flex head and neck to same side --unilaterally rotate head and neck to opposite side --bilaterally flex the neck |
| sternocleidomastoid origin | sternal head --top of manubrium clavicular head --medial third of clavicle |
| sternocleidomastoid insertion | mastoid process |
| subscapularis action | medially rotate the shoulder |
| subscapularis origin | subscapular fossa of the scapula |
| subscapularis insertion | lesser tubercle of the humerus |
| quadratus lumborum nickname | hip hiker |
| quadratus lumborum action | --unilaterally laterally tilt (elevate) the pelvis --unilaterally laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side --bilaterally assist to extend the vertebral column |
| quadratus lumborum origin | posterior iliac crest |
| quadratus lumborum insertion | --last rib --transverse processes of L-1 through L-4 |
| trapezius action | upper fibers --bilaterally extend the head and neck --unilaterally laterally flex the head and neck to same side --unilaterally rotate head and neck to opposite side middle fibers --adduct the scapula |
| trapezius origin | --external occipital protuberance (EOP) --medial portion of superior nuchal line of the occiput --ligamentum nuchae --spinous processes of C-7 through T-12 (last cervical and all thoracic vertebrae) |
| trapezius insertion | --lateral third of the clavicle --acromion --spine of the scapula |
| levator scapula action | --elevate the scapula --laterally flex the head and neck --rotate the head and neck to same side --extend the head and neck |
| levator scapula origin | transverse processes of C-1 through C-4 |
| levator scapula insertion | medial border of the scapula, between the superior angle and superior portion of the spine of the scapula |
| pectoralis major action | --adduct the shoulder --medially rotate the shoulder --flex the shoulder |
| pectoralis major origin | --medial half of the clavicle --sternum --cartilage of 1st through 6th ribs |
| pectoralis major insertion | crest of greater tubercle of the humerus |
| pectoralis minor action | abduct the scapula |
| pectoralis minor origin | 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs |
| pectoralis minor insertion | coracoid process of the scapula |
| rhomboid major action | --adduct the scapula --elevate the scapula |
| rhomboid major origin | spinous processes of T-2 through T-5 |
| rhomboid major insertion | medial border of the scapula |
| rhomboid minor action | --adduct the scapula --elevate the scapula |
| rhomboid minor origin | spinous processes of C-7 through T-1 |
| rhomboid minor insertion | medial border of the scapula |
| splenius cervicis action | --unilaterally rotate the head and neck to the same side --unilaterally laterally flex the head and neck --bilaterally extend the head and neck |
| splenius cervicis origin | spinous processes of T-3 to T-6 |
| splenius cervicis insertion | transverse processes of C-1 to C-3 |
| tibialis anterior action | --invert the foot --dorsiflex the ankle |
| tibialis anterior origin | proximal, lateral surface of the tibia |
| tibialis anterior insertion | --medial cuneiform --base of the 1st metatarsal |
| gastrocnemius action | --flex the knee --plantar flex the ankle |
| gastrocnemius origin | condyles of the femur |
| gastrocnemius insertion | calcaneus |
| soleus action | plantar flex the ankle |
| soleus origin | --soleal line --proximal, posterior surface of tibia --posterior aspect of head of fibula |
| soleus insertion | calcaneus |
| sartorius action | --flex the hip --laterally rotate the hip --abduct the hip --flex the knee |
| sartorius origin | anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) |
| sartorius insertion | proximal, medial shaft of the tibia at pes anserinus tendon |
| piriformis action | --laterally rotate the hip --abduct the hip when the hip is flexed |
| piriformis origin | anterior surface of sacrum |
| piriformis insertion | superior aspect of greater trochanter |
| gluteus medius action | all fibers --abduct the hip anterior fibers --flex the hip --medially rotate the hip posterior fibers --extend the hip --laterally rotate the hip |
| gluteus medius origin | gluteal surface of ilium |
| gluteus medius insertion | lateral aspect of greater trochanter |
| tensor fasciae latae action | --flex the hip --medially rotate the hip --abduct the hip |
| tensor fasciae latae origin | iliac crest, posterior to the ASIS |
| tensor fasciae latae insertion | iliotibial tract/band |
| brachioradialis action | --flex the elbow --assist to pronate and supinate the forearm when these movements are resisted |
| brachioradialis origin | lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus |
| brachioradialis insertion | styloid process of radius |
| brachioradialis nerve | radial C-5 and C-6 |
| triceps brachii action | extend the elbow |
| triceps brachii origin | long head --infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula lateral head --posterior proximal half of the humerus medial head --posterior distal half of the humerus |
| triceps brachii insertion | olecranon process of the ulna |
| masseter action | --elevate the mandible --assist to protract the mandible |
| masseter origin | zygomatic arch |
| masseter insertion | angle and ramus of mandible |
| rectus capitis posterior major action | --rock and tilt the head back into extension --rotate the had to the same side |
| rectus capitis posterior major origin | spinous process of the axis (C-2) [same as oblique capitis inferior] |
| rectus capitis posterior major insertion | inferior nuchal line of the occiput |
| latissiumus dorsi action | --extend the shoulder --medially rotate the shoulder |
| latissiumus dorsi nickname | handcuff muscle (along with the teres minor) |
| latissiumus dorsi origin | --inferior angle of the scapula --spinous processes of last 6 thoracic vertebrae (T-7 through T-12) --last 3 or 4 ribs --thoracolumbar aponeurosis --posterior iliac crest |
| latissiumus dorsi insertion | --crest of the lesser tubercle --intertubucular groove of the humerus |
| external oblique action | --unilaterally laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side --unilaterally rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side |
| external oblique origin | external surfaces of the 5th to 12th ribs |
| external oblique insertion | anterior part of the iliac crest |
| internal oblique action | --unilaterally laterally flex vertebral column to same side --unilaterally rotate vertebral column to same side --bilaterally compress abdominal contents |
| internal oblique origin | --lateral inguinal ligament --iliac crest --thoracolumbar fascia |
| internal oblique insertion | --internal surface of lower 3 ribs --abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba |
| platysma action | --depress the mandible --tighten the fascia of the neck |
| platysma origin | fascia covering superior part of pectoralis major |
| platysma insertion | base of mandible |
| rectus femoris action | --extend the knee --flex the hip |
| rectus femoris origin | anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) |
| rectus femoris insertion | tibial tuberosity |
| gluteus maximus action | **all fibers --extend the hip --laterally rotate the hip --abduct the hip **lower fibers --adduct the hip |
| gluteus maximus origin | --coccyx --edge of sacrum --posterior iliac crest |
| gluteus maximus insertion | upper fibers --iliotibial tract lower fibers --gluteal tuberosity |
| iliotibial tract origin | gluteal fascia |
| iliotibial tract insertion | tibial tubercle |
| supraspinatus action | abduct the shoulder |
| supraspinatus origin | supraspinous fossa of the scapula |
| supraspinatus insertion | greater tubercle of the humerus |
| oblique capitis superior action | --rock and tilt the head back into extension --laterally flex the head to the same side |
| oblique capitis superior origin | transverse process of the atlas (C-1) |
| oblique capitis superior insertion | between the nuchal lines of the occiput |
| pronator teres action | pronate the forearm |
| pronator teres origin | --medial epicondyle of humerus --coronoid process of the ulna |
| pronator teres insertion | middle of lateral surface of the radius |
| pronator teres nerve | median |
| temporalis action | --elevate the mandible --retract the mandible |
| temporalis origin | temporal fossa and fascia |
| temporalis insertion | coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus of the mandible |
| deltoid action | all fibers --abduct the shoulder anterior fibers --flex the shoulder --medially rotate the shoulder posterior fibers --extend the shoulder --laterally rotate the shoulder |
| deltoid origin | --lateral third of the clavicle --acromion --spine of the scapula |
| deltoid insertion | deltoid tuberosity |
| peroneus longus action | evert the foot |
| peroneus longus origin | proximal 2/3 of the lateral fibula |
| peroneus longus insertion | --base of the 1st metatarsal --medial cuneiform |
| extensor digitorum brevis action | extend the 2nd through 4th toes |
| extensor digitorum longus action | --extend the 2nd through 5th toes --dorsiflex the ankle |
| extensor digitorum action | --extend the 2nd through 5th fingers --assist to extend the wrist |
| flexor digitorum superficialis action | --flex the 2nd through 5th fingers --flex the wrist |
| flexor digitorum profundus action | --flex the 2nd through 5th fingers --assist to flex the wrist |
| flexor digitorum brevis action | flex the middle phalanges of the 2nd through 5th toes |
| flexor digitorum longus action | flex the 2nd through 5th toes |
| adductor pollicis action | adduct the thumb |
| extensor carpi ulnaris action | extend the wrist |
| extensor carpi radialis brevis action | extend the wrist |
| extensor carpi radialis longus action | extend the wrist |
| flexor pollicis longus action | flex the thumb |
| flexor hallucis longus action | flex the 1st toe |
| abductor pollicis longus action | abduct the thumb |
| longissimus action | --unilaterally laterally flex vertebral column to the same side --bilaterally extend the vertebral column |
| medial pterygoid action | --unilaterally laterally deviate mandible to opposite side --bilaterally elevate mandible --bilaterally protract mandible |
| suprahyoids | --mylohyoid --stylohyoid --geniohyoid |
| suprahyoids action | --elevate hyoid and tongue --depress mandible |
| extensor indicis action | extend the 2nd finger |
| opponens pollicis | opposition of the thumb |
| abductor pollicis brevis action | abduct the thumb |
| flexor hallucis brevis action | flex the 1st toe |
| flexor carpi ulnaris action | flex the wrist |
| extensor hallucis longus action | extend the 1st toe |
| extensor hallucis brevis action | extend the 1st toe |
| abductor digiti minimi action | abduct the 5th toe |
| lateral pterygoid action | --unilaterally laterally deviate mandible to opposite side --bilaterally protract mandible |
| semispinalis capitis action | extend the vertebral column and head |
| adductor hallucis action | adduct the 1st toe |
| flexor carpi radialis action | flex the wrist |
| spinalis action | --unilaterally laterally flex vertebral column to the same side --bilaterally extend the vertebral column |
| multifidi action | --unilaterally rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side --bilaterally extend the vertebral column |
| multifidi length | span 2 to 4 vertebrae |
| rotatores action | --unilaterally rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side --bilaterally extend the vertebral column |
| rotatores length | span 1 to 2 vertebrae |
| flexor pollicis brevis action | flex the thumb |
| diaphragm action | increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation |
| extensor pollicis brevis action | extend the thumb |
| extensor pollicis longus action | extend the thumb |
| flexor digiti minimi brevis action | flex the 5th finger |
| abductor digiti minimi action | abduct the 5th finger |
| flexor digiti minimi brevis action | flex the 5th toe |
| iliocostalis action | --unilaterally laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side --bilaterally extend the vertebral column |
| abductor hallucis action | abduct the 1st toe |
| rectus abdominis action | --flex the vertebral column --tilt pelvis posteriorly |
| rectus abdominis origin | --pubic crest --pubic symphysis |
| rectus abdominis insertion | --cartilage of the 5th, 6th and 7th ribs --xiphoid process |
| iliacus action | with origin fixed --flex the hip --may laterally rotate the hip with the insertion fixed --tilt the pelvis anteriorly |
| iliacus origin | iliac fossa |
| iliacus insertion | lesser trochanter |
| biceps brachii action | --flex the elbow --supinate the forearm |
| biceps brachii origin | --corocoid process of scapula --supraglenoid tubercle of scapula |
| biceps brachii insertion | tuberosity of the radius |
| peroneus brevis action | evert the foot |
| peroneus brevis origin | distal 2/3 of the lateral fibula |
| peroneus brevis insertion | tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal |
| tibialis posterior action | --invert the foot --plantar flex the ankle |
| tibialis posterior origin | proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula |
| tibialis posterior insertion | --all five tarsal bones --bases of 2nd through 4th metatarsals |
| splenius capitis action | --unilaterally rotate head and neck to the same side --unilaterally laterally flex the head and neck --bilaterally extend the head and neck |
| splenius capitis origin | --ligamentum nuchae --spinous processes of C-7 through T-4 |
| splenius capitis insertion | mastoid process |
| adductor brevis action | --adduct the hip --medially rotate the hip --assist to flex the hip |
| adductor brevis origin | inferior ramus of pubis |
| adductor brevis insertion | --pectineal line --medial lip of the linea aspera |
| vastus intermedius action | extend the knee |
| vastus intermedius origin | anterior and lateral shaft of the femur |
| vastus intermedius insertion | tibial tuberosity |
| quadratus femoris action | laterally rotate the hip |
| quadratus femoris origin | lateral border of ischial tuberosity |
| quadratus femoris insertion | intertrochanteric crest, between the greater and lesser trochanters |
| semimembranosus action | --flex the knee --extend the hip --assist to medially rotate the hip --tilt the pelvis posteriorly |
| semimembranosus origin | ischial tuberosity |
| semimembranosus insertion | posterior aspect of the medial condyle of the tibia |
| semitendinosus action | --flex the knee --extend the hip --assist to medially rotate the hip --tilt the pelvis posteriorly |
| semitendinosus action | ischial tuberosity |
| semitendinosus insertion | proximal, medial shaft of the tibia |
| biceps femoris action | --flex the knee --laterally rotate the flexed knee --extend the hip (long head) --tilt the pelvis posteriorly |
| biceps femoris origin | long head --ischial tuberosity short head --lateral lip of the linea aspera |
| biceps femoris insertion | head of the fibula |
| oblique capitis inferior action | rotate the head to the same side |
| oblique capitis inferior origin | spinous process of the axis (C-2) |
| oblique capitis inferior insertion | transverse process of the atlas (C-1) |
| coracobrachialis action | flex the shoulder |
| coracobrachialis origin | coracoid process of the scapula |
| coracobrachialis insertion | medial surface of mid-humeral shaft |
| brachialis action | flex the elbow |
| brachialis origin | distal half of the anterior surface of the humerus |
| brachialis insertion | tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna |
| brachialis nerve | musculocutaneous, small branch from radial C-5 and C-6 |
| transverse abdominis action | compress abdominal contents |
| transverse abdominis origin | --lateral inguinal ligament --iliac crest |
| gluteus minimus action | --abduct the hip --medially rotate the hip --flex the hip |
| gluteus minimus origin | gluteal surface if the ilium |
| gluteus minimus insertion | anterior aspect of greater trochanter |
| gracilis action | --adduct the hip --medially rotate the hip --flex the knee |
| gracilis origin | inferior ramus of pubis (or ramus of ischium) |
| gracilis insertion | proximal, medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinus tendon |
| supinator action | supinate the forearm |
| supinator origin | --annular ligament --supinator crest of the ulna |
| supinator insertion | lateral surface of proximal radial shaft |
| supinator nerve | radial |
| teres minor action | --extend the shoulder --laterally rotate the shoulder --adduct the shoulder |
| teres minor origin | upper 2/3 of lateral border of the scapula |
| teres minor insertion | greater tubercle of the humerus |
| teres major action | --adduct the shoulder --medially rotate the shoulder |
| teres major nicknames | --handcuff muscle (along with latissiumus dorsi) --lat's little helper |
| teres major origin | --inferior angle --lower 1/3 of lateral border of the scapula |
| teres major insertion | crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus |
| pectineus action | --adduct the hip --medially rotate the hip --assist to flex the hip |
| pectineus origin | superior ramus of pubis |
| pectineus insertion | pectineal line of femur |
| popliteus action | flex the knee |
| popliteus origin | lateral condyle of the femur |
| popliteus insertion | proximal, posterior aspect of the tibia |
| vastus lateralis action | extend the knee |
| vastus lateralis origin | --lateral lip of the linea aspera --gluteal tuberosity --greater trochanter |
| vastus lateralis insertion | tibial tuberosity |
| rectus capitis posterior minor action | rock and tilt the head back into extension |
| rectus capitis posterior minor origin | posterior arch of the atlas (C-1) |
| rectus capitis posterior minor insertion | inferior nuchal line of the occiput |
| adductor magnus action | --adduct the hip --medially rotate the hip --assist to flex the hip |
| adductor magnus origin | --inferior ramus of pubis --ramus of ischium --ischial tuberosity |
| adductor magnus insertion | --medial lip of the linea aspera --adductor tubercle |
| vastus medialis action | extend the knee |
| vastus medialis origin | medial lip of linea aspera |
| vastus medialis insertion | tibial tuberosity |
| adductor longus action | --adduct the hip --medially rotate the hip --assist to flex the hip |
| adductor longus origin | pubic tubercle |
| adductor longus insertion | medial lip of the linea aspera |
| handcuff muscles | --latissiumus dorsi --teres minor |
| adductor group | --adductor magnus --adductor longus --adductor brevis --gracilis --pectineus |
| transversospinalis group | --semispinalis capitis --multifidi --rotatores |
| extensors of ankle and toes | --extensor digitorum longus --extensor hallucis longus |
| hypothenar eminence | --flexor digiti minimi brevis --abductor digiti minimi |
| thenar eminence | --opponens pollicis --abductor pollicis brevis --flexor pollicis brevis |
| suboccipitals | --rectus capitis posterior major --rectus capitis posterior minor --oblique capitis superior --oblique capitis inferior |
| quadriceps femoris group | --rectus femoris --vastus lateralis --vastus medialis --vastus intermedius |
| gluteals | --gluteus maximus --gluteus medius --gluteus minimus |
| flexors of the ankle and toes | --flexor hallucis longus --flexor digitorum longus --tibialis posterior |
| iliopsoas | --iliacus --psoas major |
| erector spinae group | --longissimus --spinalis --iliocostalis |
| abdominals | --external oblique --internal oblique --rectus abdominis --transverse abdominis |
| hamstrings | --semimembranosus --semitendinosus --biceps femoris |
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