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Lesson 6
Circulatory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Circulatory Sytem | consist of the cardiovascular sytem (heart and blood vessels) and the lymphatic system (conveyance of the fluid lymph) |
| Extracellular fluid | fluid outside body cells |
| Plasma | the fluid portion of the blood in which corpuscles are suspended |
| Intercellular | fluid that fills spaces between cells outside of the blood vessels |
| Interstitial | fluid that fills spaces between cells outside of the blood vessels |
| Tissue Fluid | fluid that fills spaces between cells outside of the blood vessels |
| Intracellular fluid | fluid located inside the cells |
| Pericardium | the sac that is made up of a double membrane which encloses the heart |
| Peritcarditis | inflammation of the pericardium. |
| Endocardium | forms the lining inside of the heart |
| Endocarditis | often caused by infective organisms that invade the endocardium |
| Myocardium | heart muscle itself |
| Myocarditis | inflammation of the heart muscle |
| Cardiomyopathy | general dyognostic term that designates primary heart disease |
| Coronay arteries | blood vessels that supply oxygen to the heart |
| Coronary heart disease | heart damage resulting from insufficient oxygen of the heart muscle; this condition is caused by pathologic changes in the coronary arteries |
| Hypertension | elevated blood pressure |
| Hypotension | low blood pressure |
| Angina pectoris | severe pain and constriction about the heart caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart |
| Arrhythmia | irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heart beat |
| Cardiomegaly | enlarged size of the heart |
| Congenital heart defects | abnormalities present in the heart at birth |
| Fibrillation | a severe cardiay arrhythmia in which contractions are too rapid and to uncoordinated for effective blood circulation |
| Defribillator | an electronic apparatus that delivers a shock to the heart to restore a proper rhythm |
| Heart failure | cessation of the heartbeat; a clinical condition resulting from failure of the heart to pump the blood effectively and to maintain adequate circulation of the blood |
| Congestive heart failure | a condition characterized by weakness, breathlessness and edema in the lower portions of the body |
| Heart murmur | a soft blowing or rasping sound that may be heard when listening to the heart |
| Hyperlipemia | excessive blood in heart |
| Infarction | formation of a localized area of tissue that under goes necrosis (death of tissue) following lack of blood supply to that area. |
| Myocardial infarction | death of an area of the heart muscle that occurs as a result of oxygen deprivation |
| Myocardial ischemia | defeciency of blood supply to the myocardium |
| Shock | a serious condition in which blood flow to the heart is reduced to such an extent that the body tissues do not receive enough blood |
| Open heart surgery | refers to operative procedures on the heart after it has been exposed through an incision of the chest wall |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass | is the method used to divert blood away from the heart and lungs temporarily while surgery of the heart and major vessels is performed |
| Pulmonary | lungs |
| Cardiopulmonary | heart and lungs |
| Pacemaker implant | artificial pacemaker implanted to keep the heart rhythm within a desirable range in patients who suffer from severe arrhythmia |
| Cardiac catherterization | tha passage of a long flexible tube into the heart chambers through a vein in an arm or a leg or the neck |
| Endoscopic examination | uses an endoscope, a device consiting of a tube and an optical system for observing inside a hollow organ or cavity |
| Noninvasive procedures | do not require entering the body or puncturing the skin |
| Ultrasound | uses sound waves bounced off tissue to produce a record called a sonogram |
| Echocardiograph | is the term generally associated with the use of ultrasonography in diagnosing heart disease |
| Echocardiogram | is the record of the heart obtained by directing ultrasonic waves through the chest wall |
| Computed tomography | produces cross-sectional images of an organ similar to what would be seen if the actual organ were cut in sections |
| Electrocardiogram | is produced by recording the electrical currents of the heart muscle using a device calle an electrocardiograph |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | is recommended as an emergency first aid procedure to re-establish heart and lung action if breathing or heart action has stopped |
| vascular | pertains to blood vessels |
| vasodilation | is an increase in the diameter of the blood vessel |
| vasodilators | drugs that dilate the blood vessels are sometimes used to treat hypertension |
| angiomas | are tumors consisting principally of blood vessels or lymph vessels |
| aort/o | aorta |
| arteri/o | artery |
| arteriol/o | arteriole |
| Phleb/o | vein |
| ven/o | vein |
| venul/o | venule |
| Blood transfusion | the process of transferring blood from a donor into a blood vessel of a recipient |
| Anticoagulant | a substance to prevent blood from clotting |
| Transfusion reaction | adverse effect that occurs after transfusion |
| Hematology | the study of blood and blood forming tissues |
| Blood forming tissues | bone marrow and lymphoid tissue |
| Hematoma | a localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, tissue or space resulting from a break in the wall of a blood vessel; bruises or contusion are familiar names |
| Blood coagulation | the process of blood clotting when it is removed from the body |
| Erythrocytes | red blood cells |
| Hemoglobin | is a red, iron containing pigment that transports oxygen to the tissues and the waste product carbon dioxide to the lungs, where it is exchanged for fresh oxygen |
| Anemia | is a condition in which the number of red blood cells, concentration of hemoglobin, or both are decreased |
| Leukocytes | white blood cells |
| Phagocytes | cells that can ingest and destroy particulate substances such as bacteria, protozoa, cells, and cell debris |
| Leukopenia | abnormal decrease in the total number of white blood cells |
| Leukocytopenia | abnormal decrease in the total number of white blood cells |
| Leukocytosis | abnormal decrease in the total number of white blood cells |
| Leukemia | is a progressive malignant disease of the blood forming organs |
| Thrombocytes | blood platelets |
| Thrombocytopenia | a reduction below normal in the number of blood platelets |
| Lymphatics | lymphatic system |
| Primary function of lymphatic system | to collect fluid that escapes from the blood capillaries and return it to circulation |
| Lymphadema | swelling that is caused by the obstruction of a lymphatic vessel |
| Lymph nodes | small knots of tissue found at intervals along the course of the lymphatic vessel |
| Lymphatic carcinoma | cancer occuring within the lymphatic sytems |
| Lymphoma | is a general term for cancer originating within the lymphatic system |
| Lymphangitis | is an acute or chronic inflammation of lymphatic vessels and can be caused by various microorganisms |
| Lymphangiography | is roentgenography of the lymphatic vessels and nodes after injection of a radio-opaque substance has made them visible on xray |
| Lymphangiograms | are useful for checking the integrity of the lymphatic system in lymphedema and for investigating tumors |
| Lymphadenitis | inflammation of the lymph nodes |
| Lymphadenopathy | refers to any disease of the lymph nodes |
| Lymphadenoma | lymphoma |
| Splenomegaly | enlarged spleen |
| Splenectomy | excision of the spleen |
| Tonsils | masses of lymphatic tissue located in depressions of the mucous membranes of the pharynx |
| Tonsillectomy | excision of the tonils |
| Tonsillitis | Inflammation of the tonsils |
| Pharyngeal tonsils | commonly called adenoids |
| Adenoidectomy | is often performed at the same time as a tonsillectomy |
| Andenoid/o | adenoids |
| Ather/o | yellow fatty plaque |
| Ech/o & Son/o | sound |
| -emia | blood |
| hem/a & hem/o | blood |
| extra- | outside |
| home/o | sameness |
| lymph/o | lymph or lymphatics |
| my/o | muscle |
| pulmon/o | lungs |
| radi/o | radiant or xray energy |
| splen/o | spleen |
| thromb/o | thrombus, blood clot |
| ballein | to throw |
| -bolus | to throw |
Created by:
SHOSELYN
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