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History Finals Terms
Final Exam Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nomad | people who wander place to place; not settled |
| Arab | c |
| tribe | families joined together as one group |
| idol | statues that represented gods that were believed to hold a god's spirit |
| Mecca | the holy city of Islam |
| Abu Bakr | Muhammad's successor; also his father-in-law |
| caliph | political and religious leader |
| Shiites | believed each caliph should be a relative |
| imam | divenely guided successor of Muhammad |
| Sunni | believed each caliph should be elected |
| Muhammad | founder of Islam, a trader, spoken to by Gabriel |
| Qur'an | Islamic written words of God |
| monotheism | belief in one god |
| Allah | Arabic word for "god" |
| Islam | submission to Allah |
| mosque | a Muslim place of worship |
| Medina | city that accepted Muhammad and his followers after rejected by Mecca |
| 5 Pillars | Hajj, Ramadan, Faith, Prayer, Giving alms |
| Jihad | "to struggle"... misunderstood today |
| The Battle of Tours | When Franks stopped Muslims at Tours in A.D. 732 |
| Baghdad | capital of Arabia, "marketplace of the world" in its early days |
| The Reconquest | known as when the Christians conquered traveled throughout Europe getting land back from Islam |
| Ferdinand (of Aragon) and Isabelle (of Catille) | King and Queen of Spain, drove out Muslims |
| Mongols | a group of warriors from the Steppes, in 1200s |
| steppe | A large area of flat unforested grassland in southeastern Europe or Siberia |
| clan | patrilineal family groups |
| Ghengis Khan | One of the greatest leaders of the Mongols |
| Kublai Khan | One of the greatest leaders of the Mongols; Ghenghis Khan's grandson |
| Constantinople | capital of Byzantium |
| Cheif Osman | founder of the Otomman empire |
| Ottomans | A group of people who fought to extend Islam's bounderies |
| sultan | ruler of the Ottoman empire |
| janissaries | slaves of the Sultan; had much power and knowledge |
| harem | "sanctuary" or "sacred place" |
| Istanbul | modern-day Constantinople |
| Suleiman | Greatest Ottoman ruler, ruled from 1520-1566 |
| Sultan Mahmud of Ghanza | sultan who invaded North India 17 times |
| Ganges and Indus | 2 main rivers that run in India |
| Babur | founder of Mughal empire |
| Mughal empire | a large empire that took over India 1526 |
| Akbar | greatest Mughal emperor; Babur's grandson |
| Shah Jahan | emperor of Mughals, known as greatest spender and builder of Mughals |
| Taj Mahal | built by Shah Jahan in memory of his favorite wife |
| Han Dynasty | imperial dynasty that ruled China;women had rights |
| Confucianism | A system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius |
| Buddhism | A widespread Asian philosophy, founded by Siddartha Gautama, escape from suffering |
| Emperor Wen | made unity in China, Yang Jiang, one of the greatest Chinese rulers |
| Daiosm | Found by Laozi, taught to live in harmony with nature |
| Great Wall | a border that helped China's security from north |
| Jimmu | first emperor of Japan |
| Shinto | early religion of Japan; revolved around nature |
| kami | divine spirits |
| Kyoto | capital of Japan, used to be known as Heian |
| Yoritomo | first Japanese shogun |
| shogun | leader of the military |
| samurai | "those who serve"; Japanese soldier |
| kamikaze | "divine wind" |
| Zen | form of Buddhism;one hand clapping;appealed to many samurais |
| Dark Ages | from the end of Rome until the Middle Ages |
| Middle Ages | The period of European history from the fall of the Roman Empire in the West (5th century) to the fall of Constantinople (1453) |
| Renaissance | period during the middle ages, interest in Greek-Roman style |
| Clovis | became first king of Franks in 481 at age 15 |
| monastery | religious communities where monks lived |
| Charlemagne | king of the Franks 768–814 and Holy Roman Emperor |
| Alcuin | Charlemagne's greatest scholar who was a monk |
| Vikings | a group of fierce warriors from Scandinavia |
| William the Conqueror | Duke of Normandy in France who was king over Harold |
| Battle of Hastings | 1066; The battle between Harold's Saxon infantry and William's Norman army, Normans won |
| feudilism | a social and political arrangement that developed in Europe |
| loyalty | a strong feeling of support or allegiance |
| homage | to show honor |
| manor | the castle and entire estate |
| Clergy | people of the church |
| guild | a union of people who practiced a trade |
| apprentice | A person who is learning a trade from a skilled employer, having agreed to work for a fixed period at low wages |
| Magna Carta | The Great Charetr; focused on rights of noblemen of England |
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tait.thorne5
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