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World Studies Gibson
Finals Study Questions (full year) PART 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Founder of the Ming Dynasty | Hongwu |
| Elite soldiers who were loyal only to the sultan | Janissaries |
| A professional warrior in feudal Japan | samurai |
| First Muslim government established in northern India | Delhi sultanate |
| Protected northern China from Mongol threat | Great Wall |
| Became shogun in 1603 | Tokugawa Ieyasu |
| Religion that blended elements of Islam and Hinduism | Sikhism |
| Mughal ruler who built a new capital at Delhi | Shah Jahan |
| Strict code of ethics for warriors | Bushido |
| What enabled the Ottomans to expand beyond Anatolia? | A powerful military and gunpowder weapons |
| Which of the following best describes Shah Jahan? | a demanding ruler who, at the same time, supported art and literature |
| Janissaries contributed to the success of the Ottoman Empire because they | were elite soldiers loyal only to the sultan |
| Akbar created unity through much of India by | promoting religious tolerance and abolishing taxes on non-Muslims |
| Which of the following Mughal leaders came into conflict with the Sikhs? | Jahangir |
| The dynasty that ruled Korea from the late 14th century to the early 20th century was the | Choson |
| Why did Ming emperors decide to isolate China? | They disliked the influence of the Europeans and sought to preserve China's traditions |
| Hongwu expanded his power as emperor by | Getting rid of high-level positions in the government and killing his rivals |
| During the Tokugawa period the role of the samurai changed because | peace put the samurai out of work |
| By the 1200's most of northern India was under the control of the | Delhi sultanate |
| The religion of the Sikhs, known as Sikhism, blends | elements of Hinduism and Islam |
| One example of the Mughal Empire's golden age is the | Taj Mahal |
| Why did the Safavid Empire, immediately after it's creation, come into conflict with every one of its major neighbors? | its ruler was attempting to convert others to join his religion by force |
| Ming China was one of the most stable and prosperous times in China's history. How long did it last? | 300 years |
| Which dynasty was known for producing porcelain? | the Ming |
| Rulers of the Ottoman empire were called | sultans |
| The Ottoman Empire reached its height of power and cultural achievement under the leadership of | Suleyman I |
| Who founded the Mughal Empire in 1526? | Zahir ud-Din |
| A country that, although it still has its own government, is completely under the control of another power and NOT independent | vassal state |
| The Ming Emperor who sponsored overseas voyages to extend China's influence | Yongle |
| The supreme military leader of Japan who ruled in the emperor's name | shogun |
| The first European city captured by the Ottoman Empire; was later used as a staging base for the capture of the Byzantine capital | Gallipoli |
| the traditional form of Japanese poetry | Hokku/Haiku |
| The new capital of China under Emperor Yongle | Beijing |
| He went on voyages that demonstrated Ming China's growing sea power | Zheng He |
| The Ming emperors decide to change China's foreign policy to this because of the arrival of European traders and Christian missionaries in the 1500s | isolationism |
| Although the Ming limited outside contacts, he was an Italian Jesuit priest who was highly respected in the Ming court | Matteo Ricci |
| As Ming China weakened, the Manchi swept in and took power. They called their dynasty | Qing Dynasty |
| He founded the Safavid Empire when he overthrew its Sunni government | Isma'il |
| By capturing this man, Timur sparked a civil war that shattered the Ottoman Empire | Byazid I |
| The legendary battle in which Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated the last of the daimyo, ending hundreds of years of warfare and gaining himself control over all of Japan was | The Battle of Sekigahara |
| Who was the founder of the Ming Dynasty? | Ming Taizu |
| Who wrote ENCYCLOPEDIA? | Denis Diderot |
| Who believed in Natural Rights? | John Locke |
| "Man is born free, and everywhere is in chains" | Jean-Jaques Rousseau |
| Wrote the Levaiathan and believed in social contract | Thomas Hobbes |
| Believed the government should be split into 3 branches | Baron de Montesqieu |
| said, "I do not agree with a word that you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it" | Voltaire |
| John Locke | wrote "The Two Treatises of Government" |
| Thomas Hobbes | life is "nasty, brutish, and short" |
| Adam Smith | Free market |
| women must have equal access to education | Mary Wollstonecraft |
| Baron de Montesqieu | wrote the "Spirit of the Laws" |
| wrote "The Wealth of Nations" | Adam Smith |
| limiting or completely denying access to new ideas | censorship |
| gatherings at which the middle class and writers, musicians, philosophers, and others exchanged ideas | salons |
| Enlightenment thinkers who tried to apply scientific methods and reason to improve society | Philosophes |
| since people are born with them, no government can take them away | natural rights |
| belief that the earth is the center of the universe | geocentric theory |
| incredible composer and pianist, considered the very definition of the classical misc style | Mozart |
| composer known for his incredibly complex religious works | Handel |
| first to truly study human anatomy; was given access to the bodies of executed criminals to dissect | Andreas Vesalius |
| absolute ruler who used the newest philosophies to gain more power or improve their country | Enlightened despot |
| astronomer who constructed the first working telescope and was imprisoned for supporting Copernicus | Galileo Galilei |
| The reforms enacted by enlightened despots almost always stopped when | they died and the new king got rid of the reforms |
| In general, life in Europe for the peasants was | better in Central and Eastern Europe than Western Europe |
| Denis Diderot's goal was to | Change the general way of thinking in France |
| The system of checks and balances was designed to | prevent the government from getting too powerful |
| Which of the following is NOT true of the new art style developed during the Enlightenment? | It is designed to make you feel AND think deeply |
| Emperor Joseph II was called the "peasant emperor" because he | disguised himself as a peasant and learned about and fixed the peasant's problems |
| King George I created the formal cabinet system because | He couldnt speak English and needed the help |
| What is the difference betweent the physiocrats and the mercantilists | Physiocrats were strongly opposed to government involvement in the economy |
| A royal official sent out by Louis XIV to collect taxes and recruit soldiers | intendant |
| The ruling family in Austria during the Age of Absolutism | Hapsburgs |
| A system of government in which the king only has some of the power | limited monarchy |
| a series of treaties that ended the Thirty Years War | Peace of Westphalia |
| The period in Britain after Charles I was executed but before Charles II was crowned | Kingless Decade |
| The government set up by Parliament after the English Civil War | Commonwealth |
| When people are allowed to worship any way they see fit | religious freedom |
| Intentionally inflicting pain on someone but not killing him/her, so that the pain can last | torture |
| A Russian noble | Boyar |
| Working class men and women in Paris who wanted the revolution to be even more radical (French Revolution) | sans-cullote |
| Someone who dies for his or her cause or beliefs | martyr |
| Surrounding ports with warships to prevent anything from going in or coming out of them | blockade |
| The French middle class | bourgeoisie |
| A notebook that lists all of a person's or a group's grievances | cahier |
| The concept that only rightful heirs of the monarch can rule a country | legitimacy |
| French nobles and clergy who left France to escape the French Revolution | emigre |
| the right to vote | suffrage |
| when a ruler voluntarily steps down and gives up his/her power | abdicate |
| a writing technique in which one puts down a character's thoughts and feelings as they occur | streams of consciousness |
| belief that Middle Easterners shared a common heritage and should unite to throw out the West | Pan-Arabianism |
| formal British promise that the European Jews could build a Jewish state in land Britain held in the Middle East | Balfour Declaration |
| Totally revolutionized physics (and science in general) with the theory of relativity | Albert Einstein |
| Powerful loss of faith novel written from the perspective of a young German enlistee that attacked all the pre-war myths about WWI | All Quiet on the Western Front |
| very expensive and elaborate defensive system built by France on its border with Germany | Maginot Line |
| movement bringing back and glorifying African heritage, history, and customs to destroy colonial stereotypes | negritude |
| famous Spanish painter known for mastering the surrealism style | Salvador Dali |
| Austrian physician who theorized about the role of the subconscious and created psychoanalysis | Sigmund Freud |
| enforcers used by Mussonlini to terrorize and intimidate socialists or anyone opposing him or his ideas | black shirts |
| overthrew the sultan and modernized Turkey; real name was Kamel Mustafa | Ataturk |
| glorification of the military | militarism |
| ability of a people to decide the fate of their country | self-determination |
| a final set of demands that will result in consequences if not met | ultimatum |
| to prepare military forces for war | mobilization |
| payments for war damage | reparations |
| policy of not supporting either side in war | neutrality |
| got Russia out of the war but only at the cost of some very resource-rich land | Treaty of Brest-Litovsk |
| when a country focuses all its resources into the effor to win a major conflict | total war |
| the section of land between the opposing trench lines | No Man's Land |
| Swedish inventor of dynamite who set up a fund to honor and reward those who advanced peace | Alfred Nobel |
| forcing certain people ot serve in the armed forces in times of war | military conscription |
| powerful new leader of Russia after czar is overthrown | Vladimir Lenin |
| German plan to win World War I | Schlieffen Plan |
| bubble in one's defense such as at Verdun; usually a major weak point | salient |
| The "sword" of Italy; commander of the Red Shirts | Giuseppe Garibaldi |
| Conflict that resulted in the unification of Germany | Franco-Prussian War |
| Resulted in the Ottoman Empire's loss of most of its land in Europe | Balkan Wars |
| Government by one ruler with unlimited power | autocracy |
| A Russian Marxist revolutionary who started as a preacher outside factory gates | Vladimir Lenin |
| Bismarck's struggle to limit the influence of the Catholic Church in Germany | Kulturkampf |
| Defeat in this war added to unrest in Russia and helped cause Bloody Sunday | Russo-Japanese War |
| Prohibited any reforms in Austrian that conflicted with absolute monarchy | Carlsbad Decreees |
| Nationalist group in the Ottoman Empire | Young Turks |
| Ruler of the Dual Monarchy | Franz Joseph I |
| Created an economic alliance between some German states | Zollverein |
| elected local assemblies in Russia that were the people's first tast of self-government | zemstovs |
| someone who wants to get rid of ALL government | anarchist |
| when the people of Russia were to speak only Russian and worship in a Russian Orthodox Church | Russification |
| Secret society that attracted tens of thousands of Italians to the cause of unification | Young Italy |
| extermination of an entire ethnic or religious group | genocide |
| payment for losses in war | indemnity |
| Chinese teacher who led peasant rebellion to set up "Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace" | Hong Xiuquan |
| Founder of modern Indian nationalism | Ram Mohun Roy |
| right of foreigners to live under their own laws and be tried by their own courts in a foreign country | extraterritoriality |
| Ethiopian emperor who modernized Ethiopia and successfully resisted the Italians | Menelik II |
| when a country imports more than it exports | Trade deficit |
| crippling agreement for China that ended the Opium War | Treaty of Nanjing |
| Islamic reform movement emphasizing return to "pure" Islam and removing all Western influences | Wahabbi Movement |
| when a person's loyalty is first to their local area, not the entire state | Regionalism |
| original wealthy banking families to which the Japanese government sold the new factories | Zaibatsu |
| made up of people who are all the same | homogeneous society |
| U.S. naval commander who opened up Japan to trade | Commodore Perry |
| process by which a country becomes more and more like Europe and/or the U.S. | Westernization |
| Korean revolt against Japanese rule that failed | March Fist Movement |
| local strongman who controlled a certain area through his own personal army | caudillo |
| liberal revolt against Santa Anna's government | La Reforma |
| Petition to Parliament demanding voting rights for all men | People's Charter |
| the British Parliament banned slavery | Slavery Abolition Act |
| Period in England characterized by democratic reforms and massive expansion of the empire | Victorian Era |
| publishing false information | libel |
| headed the Women's Social and Political Union and steered its tactics away from peaceful demonstrations to miltant direct action | Emmeline Pankhurst |
| declared the Americas off limits for further European colonization | Monroe Doctrine |
| Austrian who opposed democratic reforms, led the Congress of Vienna | Klemens von Metternich |
| tragic example of prejudice towards Jews in France | Dreyfus affair |
| The "citizen king" of France | Louis Philippe |
| Relocated five Indian nations to land west of the Mississippi River | Indian Removal Act |
| Event that deposed Louis Philippe | Revolution of 1848 |
| Document that inspired revolutionaries in French colonies | Declaration of the Rights of Mand and of the Citizen |
| giving into the demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace | appeasement |
| Nationalist general who created a fascist dictatorship in Spain | Francisco Franco |
| opposition to all war and violence | pacifism |
| lightning war consisting of coordinated attacks between air and land forces | blitzkrieg |
| Ethiopian king who appealed to League of Nations for help against the Italian invasion | Menelik II |
| one who cooperates with enemy forces occupying a country | collaborator |
| Suprime Allied commander in Europe | Gen. George S. Patton |
| Japanese pilots who took on suicide missions to attack U.S. warships | kamikaze |
| the German Army | Luftwaffe |
| naval base in Hawaii that was sneak attacked by Japan | Pearl Harbor |
| policy of keeping communism limited to the areas it already exists | containment |
| Prime Minister who rallied Britain to fight against Nazi agression | Winston Churchill |
| state of tension and hostility between countries without actual armed conflict | cold war |
| allowed U.S. to sell or borrow war materials to countries whose defense was imprtant to the U.S. | Lend-Lease Act |
| city on the English Channel from which British troops were rescued | Dunkirk |
| head of the Germand Air Force and originally Hitler's right-hand man and chosen successor | Goering |
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patrij16
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