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Skeletal Terms
Terminology of the skeleton
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acetabulum | rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis, which joins the femur (thigh bone) forming the hip joint |
| acromion | outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder. it overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle |
| articular cartilage | thin layer of cartilage surrounding the bone in the joint space |
| bone | dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton |
| calcium | one of the mineral constituents of bone. calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in the bone |
| cancellous bone | spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone |
| cartilaginous tissue | flexibla, rubbery connevtive tissue. it is found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces |
| collagen | dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissue |
| compact bone | hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones |
| condyle | knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near the joint |
| cranial bones | skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal |
| diaphysis | shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone |
| disk (disc) | flat, round, plate0like structure |
| epiphyseal plate | cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton |
| epiphysis | each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphysial plate |
| facial bones | bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic |
| fissure | narrow, slit-like oppening in or between bones |
| fontanelle | soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant |
| foramen | opening or passage in bones where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. the foramen megnum is the opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes |
| fossa | shallow cavity in a bone |
| haversian canals | minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone |
| malleolus | round process on both sides of the ankle joint |
| manubrium | upper portion of the sternum; articulates with the medial aspect of the clavicle |
| mastoid process | round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear |
| medullary cavity | central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone |
| mataphysis | flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate |
| olecranon | large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of flexed elbow |
| osseous tissue | bone tissue |
| ossification | process of bone formation |
| osteoblast | bone cell that helps form bony tissue |
| osteoclast | dbone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tisue |
| periosteum | membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue |
| phosphorus | mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium |
| pubic symphysis | area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones in the pelvis. they are joined by a fibrocartilaginous disk |
| red bone marrow | found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis |
| ribs | twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall |
| sella turcica | depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located |
| sinus | hollow air cavity within a bone |
| styloid process | pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull |
| suture | joint between bones, such as the skull |
| temporomandibular joint | connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and the mandibular bone of the jaw |
| trabeculae | supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone |
| trochanter | large process at the neck of the femur; attachment site for muscles and tendons |
| vertabra | individual backbone composed of the vertabral body, vertabral arch, spinous process, tranverse process, lamina, and neural canal |
| xiphoid process | lower, narrow portion of the sternum |
| yellow bone marrow | fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones |
| ewing sarcoma | maliognant bone tumor |
| exostosis | bony growth arising from the surface of bone |
| fracture | traumatic breaking of a bone |
| osteogenic sarcoma | malignant tumor arising from bone |
| osteomalacia | softening of bone, with inadaquate amounts of calcium in the bone |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection |
| osteoporosis | decrease in bone density; thinning and weakening of bone |
| talipes | congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus) |
Created by:
vikingmedterm
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