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The Muscular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| fasci/o- | fascia (membrane supporting muscles) |
| fibr/o- | fiber |
| kines/o- | movement |
| kinesi/o- | movement |
| my/o- | muscle |
| muscul/o- | muscle |
| tax/o- | order; coordination |
| ten/o- | tendon |
| tend/o- | tendon |
| tendin/o- | tendon |
| ton/o- | tension |
| a- | no; not; without |
| ab- | away from |
| ad- | toward |
| an- | pertaining to |
| bi- | two |
| dys- | bad: painful: difficult: abnormal |
| electro- | electricity |
| epi- | above; upon; on |
| hemi- | half |
| tri- | three |
| -cele | hernia |
| -ia | condition |
| -ic | pertaining to |
| -penia | deficiency |
| -plegia | paralysis; palsy |
| -rrhexis | rupture |
| abduction | movement of a limb away from the midline or axis of the body |
| adduction | the movement of a limb toward the midline or axis of the body |
| adhesion | A condition in which body tissues that are normally separate grow together |
| ataxia | failure of muscular coordination; irregularity of muscular action |
| atonic | Relating to, caused by, or exhibiting lack of muscle tone |
| atrophy | a wasting away; a diminution in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or part. |
| bradykinesia | Extreme slowness in movement |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | a disorder caused by compression at the wrist of the median nerve supplying the hand, causing numbness and tingling. |
| chronic fatigue syndrome | a condition that causes extreme tiredness |
| circumduction | circular movement of a limb or of the eye. |
| contracture | abnormal shortening of muscle tissue, rendering the muscle highly resistant to passive stretching. |
| dorsiflexion | flexion or bending toward the extensor aspect of a limb, as of the hand or foot |
| dystaxia | difficulty in controlling voluntary movements |
| dystonia | dyskinetic movements due to disordered tonicity of muscle |
| electromyography | an electrical recording of muscle activity that aids in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disease |
| epicondylitis | A painful and sometimes disabling inflammation of the muscle and surrounding tissues of the elbow caused by repeated stress and strain on the forearm near the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (arm bone). |
| ergonomics | the science relating to humans and their work, including the factors affecting the efficient use of human energy. |
| exercise physiologist | some who study of the body's metabolic response to short-term and long-term physical activity. |
| fasciitis | inflammation of a fascia |
| fibromyalgia syndrome | A common syndrome of chronic widespread soft-tissue pain accompanied by weakness, fatigue, and sleep disturbances; the cause is unknown. |
| ganglion cyst | Collection of fluid or benign tumor mass within tendons of the wrist or ankle, most commonly on the dorsal aspect of the wrist |
| heel spur | a bony projection on the sole (plantar) region of the heel bone |
| hemiparesis | Slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body |
| hemiplegia | paralysis of one side of the body |
| hyperkinesia | Pathologically increased muscular movement. |
| hypertonia | Extreme tension of the muscles or arteries. |
| hypokinesia | abnormally diminished motor function or activity |
| hypotonia | diminished tone of the skeletal muscles |
| impingement syndrome | a clinical syndrome which occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles become irritated and inflamed |
| intermittent claudication | lameness due to pain in leg muscles because the blood supply is inadequate |
| muscular dystrophy | A hereditary condition marked by progressive weakening and wasting of the muscles |
| myasthenia gravis | a form of chronic autoimmune disorder resulting in progressive skeletal muscle weakness |
| myocele | protrusion of a muscle through its ruptured sheath |
| myoclonus | Spasmodic jerky contraction of groups of muscles |
| myofascial release | a form of soft tissue therapy used to treat somatic dysfunction and resulting pain and restriction of motion |
| myolysis | disintegration or degeneration of muscle tissue. |
| myoparesis | Weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle. |
| myorrhaphy | the surgical suturing of a muscle wound. |
| myotonia | Inability to relax voluntary muscle after vigorous effort. |
| nocturnal myoclonus | Frequently repeated muscular jerks at the moment of dropping off to sleep |
| oblique | A muscle neither parallel nor perpendicular to the long axis of a body or limb. |
| paralysis | 1.The loss of the ability to move (and sometimes to feel anything) in part or most of the body |
| paraplegia | Paralysis of the legs and lower body. |
| physiatrist | a medical doctor or doctor of osteopathic medicine who specializes in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation |
| plantar fasciitis | inflammation of the thick tissue on the bottom of the foot |
| polymyositis | rare inflammatory disease that leads to muscle weakness, swelling tenderness, and tissue damage |
| pronation | rotation of the hands and forearms so that the palms face downward. |
| quadriplegia | Paralysis of all four limbs |
| sarcopenia | a condition of age-related loss of muscle mass and strength |
| shin splint | pain in the front of the lower legs |
| singultus | hiccup |
| spasmodic torticollis | having no other abnormality other than dystonic movement and occasional tremor in the neck |
| sphincter | A ring of muscle surrounding and serving to guard or close an opening or tube, such as the anus or the openings of the stomach |
| sprain | an injury to the ligaments around a joint |
| tenodesis | Metal or plastic support for hand, wrist and/or fingers |
| tenodynia | pain in a tendon |
| tenolysis | A surgical procedure in which a tendon is separated from its sheath. |
| tenorrhaphy | A surgery that sutures a tear in a tendon. |
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