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W. Hist.Spring Final
World History Final Exam Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In 1688 William of Orange led his army to London at the request of seven members in parliament to overthrow the monarch in this bloodless revolution | Glorious Revolution |
| The absolute ruler of Russia that became the czar and started a reformation in that country | Peter the Great |
| This absolute monarch in France declared “I am the state" | Louis XIV |
| The shogun that completed the unification of Japan in the 1600’s | Tokugawa Ieyasu |
| The term used when kings or queens held all of the power within their states boundaries | an absolute monarchy |
| The rise of power for Napoleon is often referred to as a sudden seizure or “blow to the state” | coup d’etat |
| An individual born off the Italian coast on the Island of Corsica rose through the rankings of the French Revolution to become a powerful ruler | Napoleon Bonaparte |
| The first American government formed after the revolution did not have a strong central government and did not last for long | Articles of Confederation |
| The winner of the American Revolution | American colonist |
| The long list of King George III’s abuses on the American colonies was written down in this document | Declaration of Independence |
| The new government of William and Mary established laws which limited the monarch’s power that ended absolute monarchy in England and began this | a constitutional monarchy |
| The results of the war between the British and Chinese in 1839 | The British won taking over the territory of Hong Kong |
| The war between the British and Chinese of 1839 was over this | opium |
| During the French Revolution in Europe this leader rose up in Latin America and led the enslaved Africans in a revolt against the French plantation owners that ended slavery and resulted in a new nation | Toussaint L’Ouverture |
| The first Latin American territory to free itself from European rule is known as either Saint Domingue or this | Haiti |
| A series of meetings that were designed to get all of the European powers together to establish a balance of power and to contain France | The Congress of Vienna |
| On June 20, 1815 a combined force of British and Prussian troops attacked the French and two days later the French gave way establishing a defeat for Napoleon and ending his bid for power at this battle | the Battle of Waterloo |
| The increased output of the machine-made goods that began in Europe in the middle of the 1700’s | Industrial Revolution |
| The three empires that were torn apart from nationalism | Ottoman Empire, Russia and Austria/Hungary |
| In Russia a policy was used to force its culture upon all the ethnic groups in the empire | Russification |
| The most powerful idea during the 1800’s, which is the belief that people would be loyal mainly to their nation which is the people with whom they share a culture and history | nationalism |
| The lead for German unification in Prussia came from this Prime Minister | Otto von Bismarck |
| The purpose of Commodore Perry’s visit to Japan | to encourage Japanese trade with America and establish the Treaty of Kanagawa |
| The living conditions and working conditions of the Industrial Revolution in the cities overall | a negative experience that brought on unhealthy conditions |
| The time of city building and the movement of people to cities is termed | urbanization |
| A person who organizes, manages and takes on the risks of business | an entrepreneur |
| The reason for the upstart of the Industrial Revolution | population, natural resources, economy & political stability |
| One of the fenced-in or hedged-in fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formerly worked by village farmers | an enclosure |
| The first country to industrialize | Britain |
| The author of “A Wealth of Nations” that thought it best that government should not get involved for economic progress | Adam Smith |
| The term that refers to the economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference by the government | laissez faire |
| The first nations in Europe to industrialize after Britain | Belgium & Germany |
| The United States Industrial Revolution began like Britain building factories for this industry | textile |
| A business owned by stockholders who share in the profits but are not personally responsible for the debts | a corporation |
| The three positive effects of the Industrial Revolution | created jobs, contributed to wealth of the nation and improved technology |
| The seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country | imperialism |
| If factory owners refused the demands of the labor associations, those members had the right to refuse to work | a strike |
| Workers joined together in voluntary labor associations | unions |
| 38. As a co-author of “The Communist Manifesto” this individual believed in a radical type of socialism | Karl Marx |
| An economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all | socialism |
| An economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make a profit | capitalism |
| The 3 nations that belonged to the Triple Alliance | Germany, Italy & Austria-Hungary |
| For World War I the 3 nations that belonged to the Triple Entente | Britain, France and Russia |
| The emperor of Ethiopia that lead the resistance against Italy and won Ethiopia’s independence | Menelik II |
| The policy in which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs | assimilation |
| The conference that split Africa among the European nations to prevent war happened here | Berlin |
| A theory about the “survival of the fittest” put to practice with humans | Social Darwinism |
| The belief that one race is superior to others | racism |
| In 1917 Germany returned to its policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, hoping to do what | Keep cargo ships from reaching Britain |
| The nation that Otto von Bismarck believed that was the greatest threat to peace in Europe would have been | France |
| The nation that was unified by Otto von Bismarck and later ruled by Kaiser Wilhelm II | Germany |
| In 1914 a Serbian nationalist assassinated the heir to the throne of this nation | Austria-Hungary |
| The nation that greatly regretted its loss of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in 1870 | France |
| The two non-Balkan nations that competed for dominance of the Balkans | Russia and Austria-Hungary |
| The committed Russian revolutionaries that were willing to sacrifice for change that began the March Revolution | Bolsheviks |
| The Bolshevik party leader in Russia who set up a communist state changing Russia into the USSR | Vladimir Lenin |
| The government put together by the Russian Duma and headed by Alexander Kerensky | Provisional Government |
| The 1905 event in Russia where 200,000 factory workers carrying a petition for Nicholas II were pushed away with force that killed couple hundred and wounded thousands | Bloody Sunday |
| In Russia the loss of the Russo-Japanese war, Bloody Sunday and finally the loss of land from World War I eventually led to this | The March Revolution |
| The armistice signed near Paris in November 1918 brought an end to this war | World War I |
| The one Nazi leader that was deemed responsible for the Holocaust | Adolf Hitler |
| The German style of fascism | Nazism |
| The fascist leader that promised to rescue Italy by reviving its economy and rebuild its armed forces | Benito Mussolini |
| After the death of Franklin Roosevelt this new president had to make the decision to drop an atomic bomb on Japan | Harry S. Truman |
| During the Great Depression Franklin Roosevelt began this series of reforms | The New Deal |
| After Lenin’s death the Bolshevik leader to replace and transform the USSR into a totalitarian society | Joseph Stalin |
| The meeting in Germany in July 1945 of Truman, Stalin and Churchill to press for free elections in Eastern Europe promised during the February conference | Potsdam Conference |
| The February 1945 conference in the Soviet Union that established a postwar plan for the allied forces once they became victorious which involved dividing Germany into sections controlled by the Soviet Union and the Western powers | Yalta Conference |
| The largest land and sea invasion in history happened during World War II of the beaches of Normandy | D-day |
| The American naval port that was bombed by Japanese planes on December 7, 1941 that brought America into World War II | Pearl Harbor |
| The ten year agreement to not attack one another signed by Hitler and Stalin | The nonaggression pact |
| The Nazi extermination of the Jews during World War II | Holocaust |
| During the time known as the Cold War a nation’s willingness to go to the brink of war to protect their national interest | brinkmanship |
| The international peace keeping organization set up to replace the League of Nations after World War II | United Nations |
| An alliance between the Soviet Union and its Eastern European allies that included East Germany that was formed in 1955 | Warsaw Pact |
| The term first used by Winston Churchill to represent the division between a mostly democratic Western Europe and a Communist Eastern Europe | the iron curtain |
| The alliance between the United States, Canada and ten Western European Nations | NATO |
| A struggle lasting from 1946 till 1991 over political differences carried on by means short of military action | Cold War |
| The goal of the Soviet policy known as destalinization | purge the country of Stalin’s memory |
| The United States and the Soviet Union had a dangerous standoff over the presence of Soviet missiles here | Cuba |
| The major uprising in China whose goal was to establish a society in which all were equal and intellectual and artistic activity was considered dangerous | the Cultural Revolution |
| The Chinese leader of the Nationalist forces that dominated southwestern China | Jiang Jieshi |
| The communist Chinese leader who held a stronghold in northwestern China | Mao Zedong |
| The plan developed to carry out the Truman Doctrine as an economic aid package designed to give European nations the aid needed to rebuild after World War II | the MArshall Plan |
| The Israeli prime minister during the Yom Kippur war | Golda Meir |
| The first African colony south of the Sahara to gain independence | Ghana |
| Known as the Mahatma, or “Great Soul” of the Indian independence movement, this Congress Party leader was assassinated in 1948 by this Hindu extremist | Mohandas Gandhi |
| The prime minister of India that was assassinated by Sikh extremists in retaliation for her ordering the attack on the Golden Temple | Indira Gandhi |
| The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program was backed by this person | Ronald Reagan |
| The policy of détente was mainly intended to do this | reduce Cold War tensions |
| The students who were killed in Tiananmen Square were protesting the Chinese government’s | lack of political freedom |
| In Eastern Europe the brutal policy of “ethnic cleansing” was most widely used against this group of people | Bosnian Muslims |
| The reforms that led to democratization of the Soviet Union were begun by this leader | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| By 1996 a new constitution was created in South Africa to reflect democratization, equal rights for all citizens and a bill of rights for the individual under this President | Nelson Mandela |
| South Africa’s system of complete separation of the races | apartheid |
| In 1994, the Hutu president died in a plan crash that resulted in the blaming the Tutsis that led to the slaughtering of about a million Tutsis in this East African nation | Rwanda |
| A unique terrorist organization with now political state they identify with and not clear leadership because of the set up of terrorist cells is most noted involvement in the destruction of the World Trade Center in New York 2001 | al-Qaeda |
| This terrorist organization started in Israel and escaped to Jordan and Syria after being outlawed in Israel | HAMAS |
| This Italian terrorist group is noted for the kidnap and murder of the former Prime Minister, Aldo Moro in 1978 | Red Brigade |
| The terrorist organization that emerged in Peru in the 1980’s that is a Maoist movement striving to establish a perfect communist state | Shining Path |
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