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A.P. World History
AP World History Key words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Neolithic Revolution | the major shift nearly 12000 years ago that Marks the beginning of the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture |
| Agriculture | domestication or cultivation of plants for food and money |
| Cuneiform | first writing (Sumerians) |
| Hieroglyphics | ancient Egyptian's writing |
| Fertile Cresent | a crescent shape area of fertile land in the middle east and North Africa |
| Judaism | the religion of the ancient Hebrew people- monotheistic (Yahweh) |
| Zoroatrianism | first monotheistic religion- worshiped Ahura Mazda |
| Vedic Religion | formed in northern India that turned into Hinduism |
| Torah | the holy book of the Hebrew people |
| Vedas | the holy book and hymn/song books for the vedic religion |
| Book of the dead | a book of rituals, for the deceased from ancient Egypt |
| Avesta | the holy book of Zoroastrians |
| Epic of Gilgamesh | the World's first literary masterpiece |
| Hammurabi's Code | the worlds first and oldest legal code (Babylon) |
| Oracle Bones | bones that are the primary source for writing from the Shang Dynasty |
| Theocracy | the state is ruled by religious leaders |
| Monarchy | one person holds the most power |
| Nobility | the elite people and families who are administrators |
| Specialization of Labor | different groups of people entered into different occupations of specialization |
| Patriarchy | masculinity is more valuable than femininity |
| Mesopotamia | the worlds first civilization- between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers |
| Egypt | a major civilization located along the Nile River |
| Indus River Valley Civilization | along the Indus River, it flourished and then mysteriously disappeared (Harrapa) |
| Shang | the first Chinese dynasty-left records |
| Zhou | the 2nd historical Chinese dynasty-established the Mandate of Heaven ideology |
| Olmec | american civilization in Mexico with an undeciphered writing system (large heads) |
| Chavin | Peruvian culture going into the Andes |
| Bantu Migration | a 1000 year long migration of the Bantu across Africa |
| Qin Dynasty | reunited the old Zhou dynasty and conquered new areas (standardized weights, measures, writing,great wall |
| Qin shi Huangdi | "the first emperor" first real Emperor of china |
| Han Dynasty | Confucian dynasty, long period of unity, same characters used today |
| Confucianism | emphasis on Hierarchy, education, and just governance |
| Doaism | harmony with oneself and nature |
| Leagalism | Qin dynasty, similar to totalitarianism |
| Silk road | land and sea routes for trade |
| Hinduism | a very diverse religion that developed out of Vedism |
| moksha | the ultimate goal of reuniting with Brahman |
| Siddartha Gautama-Buddha | the founder of Buddism |
| Buddism | an offshoot of Hinduism centers on escaping from the endless cycle of reincarnation |
| Caste (jati) | people were stuck in the same social class as they were born in |
| Ashoka | ruler of the Maurya Empire in India, known for converting/spreading to buddhism |
| Maurya Empire | the first empire to unify most of India, Pakistan, and Burma |
| Gupta Empire | India's Golden age |
| Polis | greek name for an independent city-state |
| Athens | city-state, known for a limited form of democracy (males only) |
| Sparta | city-state ruled by kings, known for strong army |
| Alexander the Great | a Macedonian ruler in Greece, conquered most of the Achamenid Empire |
| Hellenism | a combination of Greek, Arabic, and Indian cultures |
| Roman Republic | the government of early Rome, overthrown in 27 BCE |
| Roman Empire | the new government after 27 BCE |
| Constantine | ruled from 306-337 CE, Legalized Christianity and built new capital |
| Maya | culture of several city states in southern Mexico and Central america |
| Islam | the 2nd largest religion after Christianity |
| Muhammad | the founder of Islam |
| Mecca | the city of Muhammad's birth and the holiest pilgrimage site |
| Sunni | focuses on the need for the leaders to be chosen by leaders and scriptures(largest) |
| Shi'a | focuses on leaders being direct descendants of Muhammad(2nd largest) |
| Umayyad | the largest Islamic caliphate |
| Koran | the holy book of Islam |
| Abbasid | a large Shi'a caliphate based in baghdad |
| Crusades | a series of wars between Catholic and Islamic armies to control route to the middle east |
| Mali | and Empire in west africa famous for Timbuktu |
| Timbuktu | the largest city in west africa |
| Ibn Battuta | a traveler from north Africa who wrote travel accounts as he traveled to china and back |
| Swahilli | a language and culture that developed out of Bantu and Arab interactions |
| Eastern Roman Empire | the surviving part of the Roman Empire, capital at Constantinople |
| byzantine Empire | another name of east half of the Roman empire |
| Vikings | Scandinavian who raided northern and eastern Europe before 1000 CE |
| Feudalism | power: kings-Nobles-workers/serfs |
| Charlemagne | the founder of the Holy Roman Empire |
| Goths | scandinavian people that conquered most of western europe |
| Aztec Empire | 3 allied city-states in mexico |
| Inca Empire | andes Mt.s |
| Tang Dynasty | Openness to foreign influences (buddhism) |
| Song Dynasty | Ideology of Neo-Confucianism |
| Yuan Dynasty | established by Kublai Khan |
| Ming Dynasty | the Chinese Dynasty that overthrew the Mongols, Launched Zheng He's voyages |
| Empress Wu | the only woman to rule china & first to use the civil service examinations |
| Samurai | professional warriors who served Japanese feudal Lords (daimyo) |
| Daimyo | japanese fuedal Lords |
| Mongols | a turkic group who conquered most of asia to Europe in the 13-15th centuries |
| GenghisKhan | then first Mongol ruler to unify all Mongols under his banner |
| Mit'a | a labor tax in the Inca Empire |
| Renaissance | a period in western Europe marked by the revival of classical Greek and Roman |
| Christopher Columbus | the explorer whose voyage to the Americas began the period of European colonization |
| Johannes Gutenberg | credited with creating the movable printing press |
| Martin Luther | The founder of the Protestant Reformation in Germany |
| 95 theses | Martin Luthers Complaints against the Catholic Church |
| Protestantism | A broad term covering many different denominations of Christianity that split from the Catholic Church in the 15-16th centuries |
| Isaac Newton | a major figure of the Scientific Revolution (calculus, gravity, physics) |
| John Locke | an enlightenment thingker known for universal human/male rights |
| Deism | a philosophy that said God could not interfere in the system that God designed |
| Enlightenment | a period of intellectual activity after the Scientific Revolution, solve problems with rationality and logic |
| Peter the Great | the tsar of Russia's first european-style court-St. Petersburg |
| Serfs | indentured laborers considered part of feudal lords land |
| Encomiendas | Grants of American villages to Spanish settlers |
| Sugar | Most profitable cropin the Americas-from India |
| Silver | the universal world currency at this time |
| Potosi | located in bolivia, largest silver mine in the world |
| Middle passage | the shipping between the Americas and africa-mostly for slaves |
| Triangular trade | european goods->African Slaves-> american goods-> european goods |
| Ottoman Empire | a turkish empire lasted until WWI |
| Janissaries | the elite infantry corps of the Ottoman empire |
| Mughals | the Muslim Mongol empire that conquered india |
| Akbar the Great | the most famous Mughal leader famous for religious tolerance and building the Taj Muhal |
| Ming Dynasty | the dynasty founded after expelling the mongols from China- voyages of Zheng He |
| Qing Dynasty | the dynasty founded when Ming was conquered by manchu armies-LAST Dynasty |
| Tokugawa Shogunate | the last shogunate of Japan-hostile to Europeans |
| French Revolution | the overthrow of France's king to create a secular republic |
| Maximilien Robespierre | the early leader of the french Revolution known for public executions |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | a military general of French revolution who seized power |
| Factory Acts | acts that prohibited child labor in British factories |
| Otto von Bismark | a prussian politition who unified Germany |
| Socialism | everyone is = |
| capitalism | private companies control profits |
| Karl Marx | socialism/comunist founder |
| Adam Smith | the founding father of capitalism |
| Nationalism | the belief that the world should be divided into nation states |
| Feminism | a movement advocating for the rights and equality of women |
| Anarchism | a movement adcocating for the end of the employer-employee relations |
| British East India Co. | a company founded in 17th century that would later conquer India |
| Sepoy Mutiny | a mutiny over British East India Co.'s toops |
| Toussaint Louverture | leader of the Haitian Revolution |
| Simon Bolivar | major player in the anti-spain revolutions (northern)- founded venezuela |
| Opium Wars | 2 wars fought over chinese trade resistance with European traders |
| Taiping Rebellion | a large psuedo-protestant rebellion in 1850s china |
| Russo-Japanese War | a war between Russia and Japan in which Japan won |
| Meiji Restoration | the period after the overthrow of the tokugawa shogun- rapid industrialization |
| Olympe de Gouges | the author of an early proto-feminist doc. during the french Revolution |
| NATO (North Atlantic treaty org.) | alliance developed by the US to protect its allies |
| Self-determination | the belief that each nation should determine its own destiny |
| Armenian Genocide | Genocide commited by the Ottoman Empire from 1915-1923 |
| Adolf Hitler | leader of Nazi Germany |
| Zionism | the historical belief that a jewish state should be established |
| NATO (North Atlantic treaty org.) | alliance developed by the US to protect its allies |
| Self-determination | the belief that each nation should determine its own destiny |
| Armenian Genocide | Genocide commited by the Ottoman Empire from 1915-1923 |
| Adolf Hitler | leader of Nazi Germany noted for mass murder |
| Zionism | the historical belief that a jewish state should be established |
| Benito Mussolini | leader of facist Italy |
| Facism | form of government marked by military and police coercion |
| Totalitarianism | government uses total control & mass media to try to control people's thoughts |
| Russian Revolution | the revolution that deposed the last tsar of Russia |
| Vladimir Lenin | the first leader of the Soviet Union |
| Josef Stalin | the leader of S.U. during WWII noted for mass murder |
| Collectivization | organization of the countryside into comunes |
| Nationalization | the appropriation of private property in a nation-state |
| Moa Zedong | first leader of Communist China- great leap forward/Cultural Revolution |
| Great Leap forward | a failed attempt at collectivizing and industrializing the chinese countruside |
| Cultural Revolution | a rebelion against not-communist-enough intellectuals and members of the Communist party |
| Great Depression | FAB all down |
| 5 year plan | plans for the centrally administered economies of China and the SU |
| WWII | started with hitler annexing czechloslovakia |
| Blitzkrieg | name given to the strategy of the mechanized german invasions |
| Holocaust | Nazi genocide |
| UN | organization founded after WWII |
| Palestine | former territory of the Ottoman Empire |
| Israel | state founded in 1948 following a civil war in palestine |
| Cold War | series of proxy wars and military build-up between the US and USSR |
| Containment | a stratagy taken by the US to prevent the spread of communism |
| Berlin Wall | built by the east germany to stop their citizens from deflecting |
| Fidel Castro | the leader of Socialist Cuba |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | an international incident following the US learning about the soviet plan to build a missile base in cuba |
| Liberation theology | a catholic ideology promoting pan-Islamic unity and creating islamic states |
| Green Revolution | a technological revolution that vastly increased world food production with genetically engineered food |
| Muslim Brotherhood | An organization aimed at promoting pan-Islamic unity and creating Islamic states. |
| Korean War | A war fought between China and North Korea on one side and a UN peacekeeping force and South Korea on the other. |
| Deng Xiaoping | The leader of China from 1977 to 1997. Known for improving relations with the United States and Europe as well as implementing limited capitalist reforms |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | the last leader of the Soviet Union. Known for relaxing censorship and police powers. |
| Glasnost | Gorbachev's policy of "openness," in which censorship was reduced and many government documents were made public |
| Perestoika | Gorbachev's policy of "restructuring" or implementing free market reforms |
| Rwanda Genocide | Genocide committed by the Hutu ethnic group against the Tutsi ethnic group in Rwanda |
| Gulf War | War between the United States, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia on one side and Iraq on the other |
Created by:
Sejsarah
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