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Studyhelper #2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the space called in the base of Skull that nerves & blood vessels enter through? | FORAMINA |
| What are Cutaneous, Mucous, Serous, Synovial Membranes? | TISSUES THAT LINE A SURFACE & SECRETE SOMETHING |
| What are the 3 functions of Nervous Tissue? | Sensory, Integrative, Motor |
| What makes-up Ears and Larynx? | Elastic Cartilage |
| The Glenohumeral Joint consists of ? | HUMERUS & SCAPULA |
| What major ligament supports the medial aspect of the Tibiotalar Joint? | DELTOID LIGAMENT (or Medial Collateral) from the Medial Malleolus to the Navicular , Calcaneous & Talus |
| A muscle synergist to the Triceps Bracii is the? | ANCONEUS |
| What muscle would cause diffused pain in the lumbar region and restrict the swing phase of the Gait Cycle? | PSOAS |
| Do Muscles General Heat? | YES |
| A Motor Neuron and the Muscle Fibers that is controls is called a? | MOTOR UNIT |
| The muscle that produces the majority of movement is called the ? | AGONIST |
| What do Brachialis, Brachioradialis & Pronator Teres do? | Function to flex the Elbow |
| What are the organs called that respond to the impulses from the CNS? | EFFECTORS |
| What does Fibrocartilage do? | Shock Absorpition (Like Intervertebral Disks) |
| What kind of joint has no joint cavity and the bones are held together by cartilage? | CARTILAGINOUS JOINT |
| What type of joint has no cavity and the bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue? | FIBROUS JOINT |
| What is a joint or a point of contact between bones, cartilage & bones or between teeth & bones? | ARTICULATION |
| What is the best way to treat Bursitis? | ICE PACK |
| What Fibrous Joints have a cone-shaped peg that fits into a socket having a periodontal ligament between the bones? | GOMPHOSES JOINTS |
| Which Fibrous Joints are slightly movable and have considerably more connective tissue than Sutures forming an Interosseous Membrane or Ligament allowing for some flexibility. | SYNDESMOSES |
| What type of joint has a connecting material of Hyaline Cartilage, is immovable and is eventually replaced by bone called a Synostos? | SYNCHONDROSES |
| What are the 2 types of Cartilaginous Joints? | SYNCHONDROSES & SYMPHYSIS |
| What other type of joints besides Fibrous allows little or no movement? | CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS |
| What type of func tional classification does Gomphoses Joints & Sutures have? | SYNARTHROSIS (immovable joint) |
| Syndesmoses Joints are functionally classified as? | AMPHIARTHROSES JOINTS (slightly movable) |
| Red blood cells are formed in what tissue? | MYELOID |
| What position would your head be in if your SCM muscles were contracted bi-laterally? | THE FLEXED POSITION |
| What is the antagonist of the Biceps Brachii? | TRICEPS BRACHII |
| What synthesizes Proteins initially? | RIBOSOMES |
| What supports movement, acts as levers, gives protection, blood production, mineral storage? | THE SKELETAL SYSTEM |
| Which suture is between the temporal & parietal bones? | THE SQUAMOUS SUTURE |
| Which suture is between the Parietal Bones & The Frontal Bones? | THE CORONAL SUTURE |
| What kind of fracture is due to weakening of a bone caused by disease processes? | PATHOLOGIC FRACTURE |
| What is a fracture resulting from an inability to withstand a change in training, harder surfaces, longer distances and greater speed? | A STRESS FRACTURE |
| Which is a fracture in which the anatomical alignment of the bone fragments is preserved? | A NON-DISPLACED FRACTURE |
| Which is a fracture in which the anatomical alignment of the bone fragments is not preserved? | A DISPLACED FRACTURE |
| What do spinal nerves do? | CARRY IMPULSES TO AND FROM THE SPINAL CORD |
| A force applied to a lever to overcome resistance is called? | EFFORT |
| What does the gait cycle refer to? | WALKING |
| What is Acetycholine? | THE MAIN NUEROTRANSMITTER EFFECTING MUSCLES |
| What is the name of the nerve that transmits the signal to the CNS? | AFFERENT |
| Which Plexus does the Median Nerve come from? | THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS |
| What would be a benefit of bodywork helping to sustain the effect of Serotonin? | Being more calm and easier time falling asleep. |
| What is the sac around the heart that secretes a lubricating fluid to prevent frictions during movement of the heart? | PERICARDIUM |
| Where do Kidney's get blood? | FROM THE RENAL ARTERIES |
| What are the Lymphoid Tissues that are located in the oral cavity and Pharanyx? | THE TONSILS |
| What area of the body does the right Lymphatic Ducts drain? | THE UPPER RIGHT HALF OF BODY |
| Which system does the Immune System most interact with? | THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM |
| Non-Specific Immunity is what type of immune response? | THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE |
| When fully elongated a muscle has reached a position known as? | PASSIVE INSUFFICIENCY |
| Motor dysfunction can be displayed by? | Weakness, spasticity, tremor. |
| TP on a chart stands for? | TRIGGER POINT |
| The Radial Nerve is comprised of? | CERVICAL NERVE ROOTS 6, 7, 8 |
| Where we concentrate our awareness? | ENERGY FLOWS |
| ITB on a chart stands for? | ILIOTIBIAL BAND |
| If the immune system begins to attack itself, which condition may occur? | RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS |
| If a client is immunodeficient what precautions might the therapist take to protect client? | WEAR FACE MASK |
| A substance that causes the immune system to respond is called an? | ANTIGEN |
| The primary gas expelled during exhalation is? | CARBON DIOXIDE |
| What is the primary muscle that produces quiet inspiration? | DIAPHRAGM |
| The gas exchange between blood & tissues is called? | INTERNAL RESPIRATION |
| What nerves carry impulses from the CNS to the muscles or glands? | Motor Nerves or EFFERENTS |
| What acts during the movement when cell divides? | CELL CENTROSOME |
| What are the nerves called that carry impulses from the receptors to the CNS called? | AFFERENTS |
| What are Afferent Nerves? | Are one of two types of Peripheral Nerves (Not in brain or spinal cord) that carry impulses to the Central Nervous System-The Sensory Nerves |
| What are Efferent Nerves? | One of the two types of Peripheral Nerves(Not in the brain or Spinal cord) that carry impulses from the Central Nervous System-The Motor Nerves |
| What system consists of the brain, spinal cord enclosed in the skull, vertebra & nerves. | NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| What are the organs of the Nervous System formed by? | Neurons, connective tissue, neuroglia, blood vessels. |
| What helps to integrate, process and coordinate the sensory input and motor commands? | THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| What makes up the Central Nervous System? | BRAIN & SPINAL CORD |
| The Brain & Spinal Cord make up the Central Nervous System-What is the rest of the Nervous System called? | The Peripheral Nervous System |
| Structures close to the middle of the body in the Saggital Plane are? | MEDIAL |
| Structures lying behind one another are? | Posterior or Dorsal |
| What plane runs across the body dividing it into a top & bottom portion? | The Transverse or Horizontal Plane |
| What are the structures called that lie towards the head or top? | CRAINAL, SUPERIOR, OR CEPHALIC |
| What are the regions of the lower extremity? | THIGH, KNEE, LEG, FOOT |
| What are structures called that lie towards the bottom or away from the head? | Inferior or Caudal |
| What major organs lie in the Abdominal Cavity? | Liver,Gallbladder,Stomach,Small & Large Intestine, Pancreas,Kidneys & Spleen |
| What is a broad,strong band that extends along the anterior surfaces of the Vertebral Bodies from the axis to the sacrum. It is firmly attached to the Intervertebral discs | ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT |
| What system is made up of skin,derivatives,hair,sweat glands,oil glands and is the largest organ in the body? | THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (SKIN) |
| Name the 3 skin layers? | SURFACE, DEEP,SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER |
| Whick layer of skin has 5 layers and produces Keratin. | THE EPIDERMIS |
| What encloses the cell and permits small nutrients to pass to the interior of the cell? | THE CELL MEMBRANE |
| What region is the lower leg? | CRURAL REGION |
| What region is the upper part of leg? | FEMEROL REGION |
| What is the back of knee? | POPLITEAL FOSSA |
| What region is the front of knee? | PATELLAR |
| What plane runs from front to back cutting the body into a right and left part? | THE SAGITTAL PLANE |
| What plane runs from left to right dividing the body into a front & back portion? | CORONAL OR FRONTAL PLANE |
| What data is collected from assessment on SOAP NOTES? | OBJECTIVE |
| What is Syndesmosis? | An articulation in which the bones are united by ligaments. |
| What is Diarthrosis? | A movable articulation in which opposing bones move freely (a hinge joint or pivot joint) |
| What is Cartilaginous? | Pertaining to or composed of cartilage. |
| What is a type of Articulation between bony surfaces that permits limited motion and is connected by ligaments or elastic cartilage such as that between vertebra. | AMPHIARTHROSIS |
| What is SUBSTANCE P | Neurotransmitter which increased the transmission of pain impulses. |
| What digest Carbohydrates? | Amylase found in saliva |
| What is the association between joints as they function in relationship to each other? | KINEMATIC CHAINS |
| A ball & Socket Joint is also called an? | MULTIAXIAL JOINT |
| What is Myelencephalon | THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA |
| Where is the Medulla Oblongata located? | The extension within the skull of the upper end of spinal cord forming the lowest part of the brainstem. |
| What does the Medulla Oblongata do? | Forms the major pathways for nerve impulses entering & leaving skull. |
| What part of brain regulates the reflex responses, controls respiration, heart beat, blood pressure and involuntary processes? | THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA |
| What system controls equilibrium & balance and maintain's the body's orientation in space, balance & posture & keeps objects in visual focus? | The Vestibular System |
| Where is the Vestibular System located? | A cavity situated at the entrance to the bony labyrinth in the inner ear. |
| What is Ataxia? | Loss of coordinated movement due to disease of Nervous System caused by a lesion of the Cerebellum or Basal Ganglia. |
| What is called when we lose the ability to walk, talk, eat and to perform other self-care tasks due to a lesion of the Basal Ganglia. | ATAXIA |
| What area of the brain is functioning in Proproception & replaying feedback from muscle activity? | THE CEREBELLUM |
| What area of the brain is between the Cerebrum & Brainstem? | THE CEREB ELLUM |
| Which brain area is affected by rocking? | THE CEREBELLUM |
| Pleasure states experienced during massage that support mind-body-health are processed in what area of the Diencephalon (hindbrain)? | THALAMUS |
| What is one of the 3 major parts of the brain that controls sensory interpretation, thinking & memory? | CEREBELLUM |
| What is Brainstem? | The portion of the brain lying between Cerebrum & Spinal Cord which controls functions of breathing, swallowing, seeing & hearing. |
| What is the bony ridge of anterior part of lower leg? | Shin |
| What is the prominent part of lower leg? | Calf |
| What is joint between leg & foot? | Ankle-Lateral/Medial Malleolus |
| What is back of foot? | Heel or Calcaneal |
| What is the lateral ligament of the Tibiotalar Joint? | Lateral Collateral from the Lateral Malleolus to the Talus & Calcaneus; and Calcaneofibular from the Fibula to the Lateral Calcaneus. |
| What movements does the Tibiotalar Joint allow? | Dorsiflexion (flexion) and Plantarflexion (extention) with slight ab-duction,ad-duction and rotation in plantar flexion caused by other joints. |
| What are Intertarsal Joints? | THE JOINTS BETWEEN THE TARSAL BONES |
| What are the joints between the Tarsals and Metatarsals called? | TARSOMETARSAL JOINTS |
| What are Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) Joints? | The joints between the Metatarsals & Phalanges |
| Whic bone type has a medullary cavity? | LONG BONE |
| Which pathological condition of the skeletal system would most likely appear in a person 50 yrs or older? | Osteoporosis |
| If a person has fragile bones what type of bodywork would be the most safe? | POLARITY |
| What is the nerve often iritated in long distance bicycle riding? | PUDENDAL |
| If the Triceps is relaxed what muscle other than the Biceps would be contracted? | Bracialis |
| Which nerve is involved in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? | The Median Nerve |
| What structure is involved in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? | The Flexor Retinaculum |
| What in the Epidermis helps to waterproof it? | Keratin |
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