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APWH Unit 3
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Caliphate | Political and/or religious successor. |
Umayyad Caliphate | Syria, Persia, Egypt, North Africa, Spain and parts of the Byzantine Empire. Hereditary monarchy, Arabic speaking. Relied on commercial business.(661CE-750CE) |
Trans-Sahara Trade | Use of camels, caravans, Berber traders. Increased contact with Muslims. Major cities on route included Timbuktu and Gao. |
Indian Ocean Trade | Linked China, India, Southeast Asia, Arabia and East Africa. Led to increase in maritime trade and exploration. |
Silk Roads | Most used during this time period however eventually decreased in use because of the spread of the bubonic plague (1330's) |
Missionary | A person sent on a religious mission; to promote their religion |
Buddhist Missionary | Traveled Silk Roads; adapted to Confucian and Daoist ideas. Spread from China to Korea and Japan. |
Christian Missionary | Spread into Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, Russia, Persia; little to no support in East Asia |
Islam Missionary | Spread through military conquest and trade, into Southeast Asia, Southern Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, Central Asia and India; Sufis most active after 900CE |
Sufi | Muslim ascetic and mystic; strong self-discipline and abstention from indulgences. |
Swahili City-States | Barawa, Island of Mozambique, Kilwa Kisiwani, Lamu, Mafia Island, Malindi, Mombasa, Pate Island, Pemba Island, Quelimane, Sofala, and Zanzibar. |
Sudanic Empires | Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. |
Feudalism | A territory controlled by a ruler who gave protection in return for labor. |
Tang Dynasty | Focused on scholars. Expanded to Tibet and Korea. Completed Grand Canal; increased trade with China. Decline in rule due to rising taxed and peasant rebellions.(619CE-907CE) |
Song Dynasty | Created scholar based government. Doubled rice production; manufacturing center for cannons, movable type printing, water-powered mills, looms and high quality porcelain. Minted coins replaced with paper money.(960CE - 1279 C.E.) |
Papacy | Office/authority of the Pope. |
Muhammad Ibn Abdullah | Spiritual transformation that led to expansion of Islam, Islamic values and cultural changes. Persian, Indian, and Greek Influences. (570CE-766CE) |
Quran | The sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to Muhammad. |
Abbasid Caliphate | Heavily relied on Persion techniques of statecraft. (750CE-1258CE) |
Caste | Provided guidance; lack of centralized political authority. Distinguished social status by means of ritual purity. From highest to lowest: Brahman, Kyshatria, Vaishya, Shudra, Harijan. |
Brahman | Priests. |
Kyshatria | rulers, warriors, landowners. |
Vaishyas | Merchants. |
Shudras | Artisans, agriculturalists. |
Harijan | Outside of the caste system. Known as the "untouchables". |
Charlemagne | Also known as Charles the Great. King of Franks. United Germanic people under one Kingdom and converted subjects to Christianity. Military strategist. (742CE-814CE) |
Guru Kabir | Peacemaker between Hindu and Muslims; bhakti teacher. Denounced caste sytem. (1440CE-1518CE) |
Zhu Xi | Chinese Philosopher of Neo-Confucian thought. (1130CE-1200CE) |
Indian Ocean Basin | Migration of Nomadic groups. Spread of Islam and Hinduism. India's location allowed for large amounts of merchants in and out of ports. |
Kin-Based Society | Heredity on the father's side; occasionally through mother's side. A way that societies grew, mainly in rural areas. A way to maintain expected patterns of behavior; traditions. |
Aztec Civilization | Native American people with nomadic culture. In 1325 settled in Tenochtitlan. Military-based empire. |