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MA 70 Chapter 9
Chapter 9 Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acr/o | extremities (CF) |
| adren/o | adrenal glands (CF) |
| adrenal/o | adrenal glands (CF) |
| andr/o | male (CF) |
| anter/o | front, anterior (CF) |
| calc/o | calcium (CF) |
| crin/o | secrete (CF) |
| estr/o | female (CF) |
| glyc/o glycos/o gluc/o | sugar (CFs) |
| gonad/o | sex glands (CF) |
| home/o | sameness (CF) |
| kal/i | potassium (CF) |
| natr/o | sodium (CF) |
| neur/o | nerves |
| ophthalm/o | eye (CF) |
| pancreat/o | pancreas (CF) |
| parathyroid/o | parathyroid gland (CF) |
| pineal/o | pineal gland (CF) |
| pituitar/o | pituitary gland (CF) |
| poster/o | back, posterior (CF) |
| thym/o | thymus gland (CF) |
| thyr/o | thyroid gland (CF) |
| thyroid/o | thyroid gland (CF) |
| toxic/o | poison (CF) |
| -crine | to secrete (Suffix) |
| -dipsia | thirst (S) |
| -emia | blood condition (S) |
| -logist | one who studies (S) |
| -megaly | enlarged (S) |
| -osis | abnormal condition (s) |
| -pathy | disease (S) |
| -tome | instrument for cutting (S) |
| -tomy | incision, to cut into (S) |
| -prandial | relating to a meal (S) |
| -trophy | development, nourishment (S) |
| -tropin | stimulate (S) |
| dys- | poor; bad; difficult (P) |
| hyper- | above; in excess (P) |
| hypo- | below; deficient (P) |
| ex- | out from (P) |
| para- | at; beside; along side; beyond (P) |
| poly- | many (P) |
| super- | above; more than normal (P) |
| supra- | above; More than normal (P) |
| acromegaly | enlarged extremities |
| adenoma | gland tumor |
| adenohypophysis | anterior pituitary gland |
| adrenal | pertaining to adrenal glands |
| adrenomegaly | enlarged adrenal gland |
| adrenopathy | adrenal gland disease |
| adrenalectomy | removal of one or both of the adrenal glands |
| adrenalitis | inflammation of adrenal gland |
| anteroposterior | from the front towards the back |
| anterior | Front |
| hypercalcemia | excessive calcium in blood |
| hypocalcemia | low calcium in blood |
| endocrinologist | specialist in endocrine system |
| endocrinopathy | endocrine system disease |
| glucogenesis | production of glucose (glycogen conversion) |
| glycogen | stored carbohydrate |
| glycogenesis | production of glycogen |
| glucometer | instrument to measure sugar levels in blood |
| hyperglycemia | excessive sugar in blood |
| hypoglycemia | low sugar in blood |
| hyperkalemia | excessive potassium in blood |
| hyponatremia | low sodium in blood |
| neurohypophysis | posterior pituitary gland |
| exophthalmos exophthalmic | protruding eyes |
| pancreatic | pertaining to pancreas |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| pancreatolith | calculus build up in the pancreas |
| pancreatolithiasis | condition of many stones (calculi) in the pancreas |
| pancreatopathy | disease of the pancreas |
| parathyroidal | pertaining to parathyroid gland |
| parathyroidectomy | surgical removal of the parathyroid gland |
| hyperparathyroidism | state of excessive parathyroid |
| hypoparathyroidism | state of insufficient parathyroid |
| pituitary | pertaining to pituitary gland |
| hypopituitarism | state of insufficient pituitary |
| hyperpituitarism | state of excessive pituitary |
| polyphagia | excessive eating |
| posterior | behind; back |
| posteroanterior | pertaining to from back towards the front |
| posterosuperior | in back and above |
| posteroinferior | in back and below |
| posterolateral | in back and towards the side |
| thymic | pertaining to thymus gland |
| thymectomy | removal of thymus |
| thymitis | thymus inflammation |
| thymoma | thymus tumor |
| thymolysis | destruction of the thymus gland |
| thyromegaly | enlarged thyroid |
| thyropathy | disease of the thyroid |
| thyrotomy | incision of the thyroid |
| thyroidal | pertaining to thyroid gland |
| thyroidectomy | removal of thyroid gland |
| hyperthyroidism | state of excessive thyroid |
| hypothyroidism | state of insufficient thyroid |
| toxicologist | one who studies poisons in the environment and body |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| hypertrophy | excessive growth |
| polyuria | condition of too much urine |
| glycosuria | sugar in the urine |
| endocrinology | branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of endocrine glands |
| endocrinologist | specialist in the endocrine system |
| exophthalmos | condition in which eyeballs protrude, such as in Graves’ disease; generally caused by overproduction of thyroid hormone |
| gynecomastia | development of breast tissue in males; may be symptom of adrenal feminization |
| hirsutism | condition of having excessive amount of hair; generally used to describe females who have adult male pattern of hair growth; can be result of hormonal imbalance |
| hypersecretion | excessive hormone production by endocrine gland |
| hyposecretion | deficient hormone production by endocrine gland |
| obesity | having abnormal amount of fat in body |
| syndrome | group of symptoms and signs that give a clinical picture of disease or condition |
| Addison’s disease | results from deficiency in adrenocortical hormones; increased pigmentation of skin, generalized weakness, and weight loss |
| adrenal feminization | development of female secondary sexual characteristics (such as breasts) in male; result of increased estrogen secretion by adrenal cortex |
| adrenal virilism | development of male secondary sexual characteristics (such as deeper voice and facial hair) in female; result of increased androgen secretion by adrenal cortex |
| diabetes mellitus (DM) | chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism; results in hyperglycemia and glycosuria; two distinct forms of diabetes mellitus: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1, and non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type 2 |
| insulin-dependent diabetes also called type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM) | develops early in life when pancreas stops insulin production; patient must take daily insulin injections |
| non–insulin-dependent diabetes also called type 2 diabetes mellitus | Used to be typical that diabetes mellitus developed later in life. Pancreas produces normal to high levels of insulin but cells fail to respond to it; patients may take oral hypoglycemics to improve insulin function, may eventually have to take insulin |
| tetany | tetany nerve irritability and painful muscle cramps resulting from hypocalcemia; hypoparathyroidism is one cause |
| Recklinghausen disease | excessive production of parathyroid hormone resulting in degeneration of bones |
| acromegaly | chronic disease of adults; results in elongation and enlargement of bones of head and extremities; can also be mood changes; due to excessive amount of growth hormone in adult |
| diabetes insipidus (DI) | disorder caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by posterior lobe of pituitary gland; may be polyuria and polydipsia |
| dwarfism | condition of being abnormally short in height; may be result of hereditary condition or lack of growth hormone |
| gigantism | excessive development of body due to overproduction of growth hormone by pituitary gland in child or teenager |
| panhypopituitarism | deficiency in all hormones secreted by pituitary gland; often recognized because of problems with glands regulated by pituitary— adrenal cortex, thyroid, ovaries, and testes |
| cretinism | congenital condition in which lack of thyroid hormones; results in arrested physical and mental development |
| goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland, usually due to lack of iodine in the diet |
| Graves’ disease | results in overactivity of thyroid gland; can cause crisis situation; symptoms include exophthalmos and goiter; type of hyperthyroidism |
| Hashimoto’s disease | chronic autoimmune form of thyroiditis; results in hyposecretion of thyroid hormones |
| myxedema | condition resulting from hyposecretion of thyroid gland in adult; symptoms can include anemia, slow speech, swollen facial features, edematous skin, drowsiness, and mental lethargy |
| thyrotoxicosis | condition resulting from marked overproduction of thyroid gland; symptoms include rapid heart action, tremors, enlarged thyroid gland, exophthalmos, and weight loss |
| adenocarcinoma | cancerous tumor in gland that is capable of producing hormones secreted by gland; one cause of hypersecretion pathologies |
| thyroid echography | ultrasound examination of thyroid that can assist in distinguishing thyroid nodule from cyst |
| thyroid scan | test in which radioactive iodine is administered that localizes in thyroid gland; gland can then be visualized with scanning device to detect pathology such as tumors |
| chemical thyroidectomy | dose of radioactive iodine is given to kill thyroid gland cells without having to actually do surgery |
| hormone replacement therapy | artificial replacement of hormones in patients with hyposecretion disorders; may be oral pills, injections, or adhesive skin patches |
| laparoscopic adrenalectomy | removal of adrenal gland through small incision in abdomen and using endoscopic instruments |
| ADH | antidiuretic hormone |
| AP | anteroposterior |
| DI | diabetes insipidus |
| DM | diabetes mellitus |
| FBS | fasting blood sugar |
| FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone |
| GH | growth hormone |
| GTT | glucose tolerance test |
| IDDM | insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |
| LH | luteinizing hormone |
| PA | posteroanterior |
| PRL | prolactin |
| PTH | parathyroid hormone |
| T3 | triiodothyronine |
| T4 | thyroxine |
| TSH | thyroid-stimulating hormone |
Created by:
leschnei
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