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Unit 2: Pd. 05, 2013
Study important people, places and dates during 600 BCE - 600 CE in APWH
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What crops did classical China and India depend on? | Rice, millet and wheat |
| What crops did classical Persia and Mediterranean depend on? | Wheat |
| Achaemenid Empire | The Achaemenid Empire, also known as the First Persian Empire, was a Persian empire in Western Asia, founded in the 6th century BC by Cyrus the Great who overthrew the Median confederation |
| Medes and Persians | The Medes were an Indo-European tribe that by the 800s BC inhabited northern Iran/Iraq; they had probably been there for millennia. They conquered Assyria in 625 BC. Their independence as a kingdom was short-lived. The Persians were also Indo-European. |
| Cyrus the Achaemenid | Cyrus the Great (c. 600 - 530 B.C.E.) a great conqueror and led his armies in a series of campaigns over years against the Medes, Lydia and Babylon, creating an empire that spanned the Near East |
| Darius | Darius I (Old Persian: 550–486 BCE) was the third king of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. |
| Persian wars | 500 B.C.E–449 B.C.E, series of conflicts fought between Greek states and the Persian Empire |
| Alexander of Macedon | Alexander I was ruler of Macedon from 498 BC to 454 BC, and unfriendly to Persia |
| Seleucids | (Greek 312 – 63 BCE) was created out of the eastern conquests of the former Macedonian Empire of Alexander the Great. The Macedonian kingdom was centered in the Near East and regions of the Asian part of the earlier Achaemenid Persian Empire. |
| Parthian | People who live in an ancient country of southwest Asia corresponding to modern northeast Iran. It was included in the Assyrian and Persian empires, the Macedonian empire of Alexander the Great, and the Syrian empire (Parthia) |
| Sassanid | The Seleucid Empire (from Greek) was created out of the eastern conquests of the former Macedonian Empire of Alexander the Great. The Macedonian kingdom was centered in the Near East and regions of the Asian part of the earlier Achaemenid Persian Empire. |
| Social development in classical Persia | Nomadic society; importance of family and clan relationships; Imperial bureaucrats. Imperial administration |
| Economic foundations of classical Persia | trade, military conquest, agriculture and mining shipping |
| Zarathustra | The Avestan name for the Persian prophet Zoroaster. |
| Zoroastrianism | a monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century BCE |
| Manichaeism | A dualistic religious system with Christian, Gnostic, and pagan elements, founded in Persia in the 3rd century by Manes |
| Confucius | Chinese philosopher and teacher of ethics |
| the system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conducts. | |
| Han Feizi | also known as Han Feizi, was a Chinese philosopher who, along with Li Si, Gongsun Yang, Shen Dao and Shen Buhai, developed the doctrine of Legalism. |
| Legalist Doctrine | political philosophy that does not address higher questions pertaining to the nature and purpose of existence. |
| Qin dynasty | the first imperial dynasty of China, lasting from 221 to 206 BC. |
| Han dynasty | an imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin Dynasty (221–207 BCE) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE) |
| The Xiongnu | Were ancient nomadic-based people that formed a state or confederation |
| Patriarchal social order | social system in which the father is the head of the family and men have authority over women and children. |
| Fall of Han | Han empire's institutions were destroyed by the warlord Dong Zhuo, and fractured into regional regimes ruled by various warlords, some of whom were nobles and officials of the Han imperial court |
| The Mauryan dynasty | Early Indian dynasty centered on the state of Magadha, which ruled from 324 to 184 BCE |
| Chandragupta | the founder of the Mauryan Empire and the first emperor to unify India into one state. |
| Ashoka | Known as Ashoka the Great, he was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost the entire Indian subcontinent from ca. 269 BCE to 232 BCE. |
| Gupta | an ancient Indian empire that existed from approximately 320 to 550 CE and covered much of the Indian Subcontinent |
| Mahabharata | one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Ramayana. |
| Ramayana | one of the great epics of India and Nepal. |
| Caste system | traditional organization of South Asian, particularly Hindu, society into a hierarchy of hereditary groups called castes or jatis. |
| Jainism | traditionally known as Jaina dharma, is an Indian religion that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings |
| Kushan empire | ruled much of northern India and central Asia from 10300 C.E. Empire included modern day Pakistan, Afghanistan and northern India |
| Siddhartha Gautama | Indian Kshatriya who achieved enlightenment and became the founder of Buddhism |
| Buddhism | Religion based on four noble truths, adherents desire to eliminate all distracting passions to reach nirvana |
| Hindu | Seeks to reach spiritual purity and union with the great world spirit |
| Homer | author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, and is revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets |
| Philip of Macedon | built a powerful military machine that enabled him to overcome traditional clans and make himself ruler of Macedon |
| Alexander of Macedon | often called alexander the great, successor of Philip, Alexander was a brilliant strategist and greatly expanded the empire |
| Hellenistic era | age of alexander and his succesors, Greek cultural traditions expanded their influence beyond Greece |
| Ptolemaic | wealthiest of the Hellenistic empires, Ptolemaic Egypt |
| Plato | formulated his thought into a systematic vision of the world and human society, had a theory of forms or ideas (430-347BCE) |
| Aristotle | disciple of Plato, distrusted theory of forms or ideas and believed he could rely on senses to provide accurate info about the world (384-322BCE) |
| Establishment of the Republic | In 509 BCE Rome instituted a republican constitution that entrusted executive responsibilities to two consuls who wielded civil and military power |
| Pax Romana | Augustus ended roman civil war, his reign known as the Pax Romana which facilitated trade and communication throughout the region from Mesopotamia to the Atlantic ocean |
| Jesus | Jewish teacher whom Christians recognized as their savior (4BCE – early 30s CE) |
| Silk roads | trade routes that extended from the Mediterranean in the west to China in the east |
| Sea-lanes and maritime trade | network of sea-lanes that sustained maritime commerce throughout much of the eastern hemisphere |
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Tobyllana
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