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Ap World Unit Two
Ap World History Unit Two Important Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Medes and Persians migrated from | Central Asia to Persia before 1000 BCE |
| Cyrus the Achaemenid (reigned 558-530 BCE) also known as Cyrus the Shepard | Established a vast empire from India to the boarders of Egypt |
| Darius (reigned 521-486 BCE) | Largest extent of empire |
| Achaemenid administration | Formal taxes and standardization of coins and laws |
| Decline and fall of the Achaemenid Empire | 1) Xeres (reigned 486-465 BCE) 2) Did not have a policy of cultural toleration 3) Caused ill will and rebellions among the peoples in Mesopotamia and Egypt 4) Persian Wars (500-497 BCE) 5) Alexander of Macedon's invasion of Persia in 334 BCE |
| Seleucid Empire | Inherited most of Achaemenid when Alexander died |
| Parthian Empire | based in Iran and extended into Mesopotamia |
| Sasanid Empire | from Persia, toppled Parthians and ruled 224-651 CE |
| Imperial Society and Economy | Agriculture was the economic foundation. Standardized coins, good trade routes (Egypt and India), markets, banks |
| Religions of salvation in classical Persian society | 1) Zoroastrianism 2) heavenly paradise and hellish realm as reward and punishment |
| Zoroastrianism | One god From teachings of Zarathustra |
| Confucius (551-479 BCE) | Key values are Ren, Li, Xiao, cultivate personal morality and junzi for bringing order to China |
| Ren | humanity, kindness, benevolence |
| Li | prosperity, courtesy, respect, deference to elders |
| Xiao | filial piety, family obligation |
| Daoism | featured prominent critics of Confucian activism |
| Legalism | the doctrine of practical and efficient statement, no feelings or morals |
| Qin Dynasty (221-207 BCE) | Qin located in West China, adopted Legalist policies and conqured other states which unified China |
| Overthrow of Qin Dynasty (207 BCE) | rebels overwhelmed the Qin court |
| Han Dynasty (206 BCE- 220 CE) | Liu Bang restored order in 206 BCE, patriarchal social structure, economic boost, population growth |
| Economic boost of Han Dynasty | iron metallurgy, silk textiles, paper production which replaced silk and bamboo |
| Population Growth of Han Dynasty | 20,000,000 to 60,000,000 from 220 BCE to 9 CE |
| Overthrow of Han Dynasty | Yellow Turban Uprising (for land: bad government led to the Han dynasty's fall |
| Mauryan Dynasty (321-185 BCE) In India Rise and Fall | founded by Chandragumpta Mayrya, Ashoka Maurya resigned during peak of empire |
| Mauryan Dynasty (321-185 BCE) | tightly organized bureaucracy that declined due to financial problems |
| The Gupta Dynasty founder | founded by Chandrea Gupta (375-415 CE) |
| Economic development of Gupta Dynasty | trade with Persia, China, Indian Ocean Basin, Indonesia, southeast Asia, Mediterranean Basin |
| Social Distinctions of Gupta Dynasty | gender relations, patriarchal families, female subordination, child marriage, development of Caste system |
| Jainism (5000 BCE) | purify, to obtain bliss, non violent, non practical, no caste |
| Siddhartha Gautama (563- 483 BCE) | suffering=desire, goal=spiritual freedom |
| Ashoka Maurya | support to not recognize Caste |
| Sparta (7th to 8th century BCE) | materialistic |
| Athens | sea traders, political and democratic |
| Persian War (431-404 BCE) | Spartans versus Athenians |
| Philip of Macedon (359-336 BCE) | control all of Greece |
| Alexander Empire divided | Greece (Antigonid), Egypt (Ptolemaic), and Persia (Seleucid) |
| Economic and social impact | trade and commerce flourished, patriarchal society, allowed slaves, olympic games became popular |
| Economy and Society in Roman empire | Mediterranean trade protected by navy, city of Rome heavily decorated, patriarchal society |
| Silk Roads | Overland trade routes linked China to Rome, sea lanes joined Asia, Africa and Mediterranean basin into one network, trade in spices, textiles, jewelry, perfume and other high value goods |
| Cultural and Biological exchanges on Silk Roads | Buddhism ans Hinduism to steppe lands, Christianity to SE Asia, epidemics in Rome and China (smallpox, measels, plagues |
| Fall of Roman Empire | due to outside threats of Huns and Germanic peoples |
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pixielizziebelle
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