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Lecture 18 & 21
World Civ II Final Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Failure of Collective Security | All nations agree to support each other if one was attacked by an enemy |
| Spanish civil war | Was proved the worthlessness of the League and its policy of collective security |
| 1935 | Hitler renounced the Versailles Treaty, openly rearming the G military |
| B, F, and A | Was three great democracies, all support appeasement, abandon League of Nations completely |
| Appeasement | If we give in to their demands now, they will stop their aggression and prevent a war\ Caused by worldwide depression, isolationism & fear of another great war |
| WWII: G blitzkrieg | (lightning war) invades Poland on Sept 1, 1939 |
| Spring, 1940 | 1940: F quickly falls to G aggression, stunning the world and leaving B as only defender Battle of B: Luftwaffe attempt to bomb B into surrender |
| June, 1941 | G surprise R by invading, called Operation Barbarossa |
| Dec, 1941 | J surprise attack on Pearl Harbor destroys A isolationism overnight, A joins Allies |
| Stalingrad, Summer 1942 | Turning point of the war, G go on defensive |
| Second Front, June 1944 | Allies land at Normandy in F on D-Day, begin to push G back As Allies move through, they find the death camps and liberate Holocaust survivors |
| May 8, 1945 | (Victory in E Day): G officially surrenders |
| War in the Pacific | J never had the industrial strength or raw materials (namely oil) to fight a prolonged war against A |
| 1943-4: | A slowly but surely pushing J back; fearing J wouldn’t surrender and would make US Invade mainland J, Pres Harry Truman ordered use of atomic weapons to break J spirit |
| Atomic war | Truman faced possibility of over a million dead A troops and millions of J army and civilian deaths |
| August 6 and 9, 1945 | Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima, Nagasaki |
| August 15 | A and J forces agree to ceasefire, VJ Day (Victory in Japan Day) |
| WWII Overview | 1. Humans now had power to destroy themselves w/ atomic weapons 2. Most deaths over 30m, 6m Jews killed 3. War involved all great powers & majority of the world’s nations, many now lying in ruins 4. Beginning of Cold War between Dem West & Com East |
| Marshall Plan, 1947 | A-led plan for reconstruction of E, A began to rebuild Europe and ensure democratic govts survived in post-war period, A credit flowed into E, much of it forgiven if they remained democratic |
| Truman Doctrine | Stalin’s USSR refused to allow E nations it liberated set up their own govts, Truman formulated A response to this new threat |
| NATO created April 4, 1949 | North Atlantic Treaty Organization, military alliance of free countries of E, first true commitment of A since A Revolution to get involved in E affairs |
| The Cold War | the struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union from 1945 until 1991 |
| Korean War | June 25, 1950 to July 27, 1953, first indirect conflict between Dem West (A, B, F) and Com East (Ch) E. Cuban Missile Crisis, Oct 1961: Khrushchev began placing ICBM’s on Cuba, aimed at A |
| Beginning of détente | relaxation of diplomatic tensions between the superpowers |
| Decolonization | E either gave independence to or lost control of its world colonies |
| 4 Reasons for the change | 1. Rising nationalism 2. WWII’s loss of E moral authority 3. Destruction of E 4. Growing opposition to having colonies by US and UN: FDR and Churchill’s Atlantic Charter agreed to the right of self-determination |
| The Third World | poor, underdeveloped nations that were mostly former colonies of E |
| Third World Characteristics | Economics: intense poverty everywhere, mostly agricultural or basic raw materials make up most of GDP, little or no education, dependent on world markets and foreign investment |
Created by:
ginganinjaem
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