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Chapter 21
Indurtial Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Industrial Revolution: | A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s |
| Enclosure Movement: | A process in Europe from 1700s to the mid-1800s where landowners fenced small fields to create large farms,allowing for more effcient farming methods and increased the food supply |
| Factors of production: | The basic resources for industrialization,such as land,labor, and capital |
| Cottage Industry: | A usually small-scale industry carried on at home by family members using their own equipment |
| Factory: | A place where goods are manufactured in mass quanity |
| Industrialization: | Developing industries for the production of goods |
| Jethro Tull: | British inventor;he invented the seed drill |
| Richard Arkwright: | English inventor;in 1769 he patented the spinning frame,which spun stronger,thinner,thread |
| James Watt: | Scottish inventor;he developed crucial innovations to make the steam engine effcient,fast,and better able to power machinery |
| Robert Fulton: | American engineer and inventor;he built the first commercially successful,full-sized steamboat,the Clermont,which led to the developement of commercial steamboat ferry services for goods and people |
| Labor Union: | An organization representing worker's interests |
| Strike: | A work stoppage |
| Mass Production: | The system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items |
| Interchangeable Parts: | Identical machine-made parts that can be substituted for each other in manufacturing |
| Assembly Line: | A mass-production process in which a product is moved forward through many work stations where workers perform specific tasks |
| Laissez-Faire: | A business system where companies are allowed to conduct business without interference by the government |
| Adam Smith: | Scottish ecnomist;he became the leading advocate of laissez-faire ecnomics and is considered the"father of modern economics".He wrote the first true text on economics"the wealth of Nations",in 1776 |
| Thomas Malthus: | English economist and sociologist;his theory that population growth would exceed grotwth of food production and that poverty would always exist was used to justify low wages and laws restricting charity to the poor |
| Entrepreneur: | A risk taker who starts a new business with the economic system of capitalism |
| Andrew Carnegie: | American industrialist and humanitarian;he led the expansion of the U.S. steel industry in the late 1880s and early 1990s |
| Socialism: | A political and economis system in which society, usually in the form of the government,owns the means of production |
| Karl Marx: | German social philosopher and chief theorist of modern socialism and communism;he declared that as capitalism grew,more and more workers would become impoverished and miserable.He advocated for a state in which the workers own the means of production |
| Communism: | Economic and political system in which government owns the means of production and controls economic planning |
| Standard of Living: | A measure of the quality of life |
Created by:
brittanyaleshire
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