Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
IndustrialRevolution
Miss Kenton-STHS: Terms & Concepts of the Industrial Revolution
| Term/Concept | Definition/Explanation |
|---|---|
| How did the Agrarian Revolution spark the Industrial Revolution? | Improvements in the quantity & quality of farm products led to healthier, longer-living people. Forced urbanization resulted from the lack of available farming jobs in the rural villages. The population growth of the cities= a ready & willing workforce. |
| Why was Britain in the lead? | plentiful resources, ready workforce, prosperous economy, availability of capital & demand, stable government |
| Changes in the Textile Industry | Cottage Industry (hand produced)-->Factory Industry (mass production); cottages were to small to house the machinery, so factories led to greater production, lower costs, more consumers, higher profits, and high demand. |
| Benefits of Industrialization | reformers got laws passed to improve conditions; labor unions won right to bargain w/ employers; working-class men gained right to vote; creation of more jobs; wages rose; families could afford entertainment; lower transportation cost=more travel |
| Challenges of Industrialization | air, noise, & environmental pollution; foul, over-crowded tenement slums; no sanitation system/running water; spread of diseases; frustration led to violence; long hours, low pay; no safety devices=injuries/death; women/child labor; lack of education |
| James Watt | improved the steam engine; powered the revolution (machinery & later locomotives and steamships) |
| Eli Whitney | inventor of the cotton gin; separated the seed from the cotton; more efficient method that led to increased production of cotton that fueled the textile industry |
| Karl Marx | Communism/Marxism: said there would be an inevitable struggle between social class ("haves vs. have-nots") in which the working class would rise up and take over creating a classless society |
| Socialism | where the people rather than private individuals would own & operate the means of production (farms, factories, railways, & other businesses) |
| Proletariat | working class |
| What changes occurred as the Industrial Revolution took hold? | Technological-mechanization, use of energy, & transportation; Rapid urbanization & creation of new middle class & working class that lived & worked in wretched conditions; development of laissez-faire capitalism, utilitarianism, socialism, & communism. |
| Tenements | multistory buildings divided into apartments that had no running water, no sewage or sanitation systems, and were overcrowded with the struggling poor. |
| Labor Union | workers' organizations that were illegal at this time; wished to initiate reforms, but had no political power yet; frustration sometimes led to violence |
| entrepreneur | a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business |
| Why were coal & iron needed? | Coal=needed to smelt iron and to power steam engines; Iron=needed for better farming tools, factory machinery, and railways |
| How does the Industrial Revolution lead to empire building? | The global balance of power will shift after the revolution because industrialized nations dominated the rest of the world. |
| Capital | money used to start up businesses |
| Thomas Malthus | he thought the population would grow faster than the food supply; opposed charity and vaccinations to help lower the population; proven wrong |
| Jeremy Bentham | he promoted utilitarianism or the idea that the goal of society should be the greatest happiness for the greatest number of citizens |
| Socialism | radical solution; people as a whole would own and operate farms, factories, & railways; everyone would share the profits and property was commonly owned |
| Robert Owen | his idea of a utopian society was to set up communitites that were ideal. but they proved very unrealistic |
Created by:
dkenton
Popular World History sets