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MEDA 102
Chapt 10: Nervous system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cerebr/o | largest part of brain |
| encephala/o | entire brain |
| esthesi/o | sensation |
| gangli/o | ganglion (knot) |
| gnos/o | knowing |
| somn/I and somn/o | sleep |
| lex/o | word or phrase |
| phas/o | speech |
| somat/o | body |
| tax/o | order or coordination |
| thalam/o | thalamus (a room) |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| -mania | condition of abnormal impulse toward |
| neuron | basic structure of cells |
| synapses | neurotransmitters |
| frontal lobe | responsible for personality |
| temporal lobe | responsible for hearing, taste, and smell |
| thalamus | responsible for relaying sensory information to cortex |
| cerebellum | responsible for coordination of skeletal muscles |
| brainstem | responsible for breathing, heart rate, and body temperature |
| meninges | membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord |
| spinal nerves | 31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord |
| motor nerves | nerves that conduct motor impulses from the brain to muscles and glands |
| aphasia | condition without speech/inability to speak |
| dysphasia | difficulty speaking |
| coma | decreased consciousness |
| delirium | mental confusion due to disturbances in cerebral function - fever,shock |
| motor deficit | loss or impairment of muscle function |
| neuralgia | pain along the course of a nerve |
| hemiparesis | partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body |
| syncope | fainting |
| Alzheimer disease | an irreversible deterioration of the brain |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | also known as Lou Gehrig disease |
| cerebral palsy (CP) | damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth |
| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | stroke; damage to the brain by a blocked blood vessel |
| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | often precedes a CVA ; brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain |
| epilepsy | disorder affecting the central nervous system characterized by recurrent seizures |
| tonic-clonic | previously termed grand mal seizure |
| herpes zoster | also known as shingles; viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves |
| hydrocephalus | the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain |
| migraine headache | often accompanied by disordered vision, nausea, and vomiting |
| multiple sclerosis (MS) | episodes of neurologic dysfunction caused by the deterioration of the myelin sheath |
| Parkinson disease | characterized by tremor, rigidity of muscles, and slow movement (bradykinesia) |
| paraplegia | paralysis from the waist down |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four limbs |
| poliomyelitis | inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord |
| electroencephalogram (EEG) | record of the minute electrical impulses of the brain |
| polysomnography (PSG) | recording to diagnose sleep disorders |
| lumbar puncture (LP) | used to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic analysis |
| intracranial MRA | MRI image of the head to visualize the circle of Willis |
| extracranial MRA | MRI image of the neck to visualize the carotid artery |
| myelogram | x-ray of the spinal cord made after intraspinal injection of contrast medium |
| Babinski sign or reflex | pathologic response to stimulation of the plantar surface of the foot; toes curl upward |
| transcranial sonogram | used in diagnosis and management of stroke and head trauma |
| craniotomy | incision into the skull to approach the brain |
| disketcomy (discectomy) | removal of a herniated disk |
| laminectomy | excision of one or more laminae of the vertebrae to approach the spinal cord |
| spondylosyndesis | spinal fusion |
| chemotherpay | uses chemical agents to destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce |
| analgesic | agent that relieves pain |
| anticoagulant | commonly used to prevent heart attack and ischemic stroke |
| anticonvulsant | agent that prevents or lessens convulsions |
| hypnotic | agent that induces sleep |
| sedative | agent that has a calming effect |
| flat affect | significantly dulled emotional tone or outward reaction |
| delusion | persistent belief that has no basis in reality |
| hallucination | false perception of the senses for which there is no reality; hearing voices in ones head |
| neurosis | psychological condition in which anxiety is prominent |
| psychosis | mental condition characterized by distortion of reality |
| manic depression/bipolar disorder (BD) | affective disorder characterized by mood swings of mania and depression |
| seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | mood disorder marked by episodes of depression that most often occur during autumn/winter |
| posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | condition resulting from an extremely traumatic experience, injury or illness that leaves the sufferer with persistent thoughts and memories of the ordeal |
| autism | developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with communication and an inability to communicate with anything beyond oneself |
| bulimia nervosa | eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by efforts to limit digestion by inducing vomiting |
| schizophrenia | disease that causes disorganized thought, delusions, hallucinations, catatonic behavior |
| antidepressant | agent that counteracts depression |
Created by:
meda_vsoladey
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