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Absolutism, Enlighte
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Absolute monarch | kings or queens who held all of the power within their states’ boundaries. |
| Divine right | idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God’s representative on earth. |
| Huguenots | French protestants. |
| Intendents: | Government agents used by Louis XIV who collected taxes and administered justice. |
| Edict of Nantes: | Declaration made by Henry of Navarre of France allowing Huguenots freedom to worship in France. |
| Scientific Revolution: | a major change in European thought, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs. |
| Geocentric theory: | Theory that the earth is the center of the universe. |
| Heliocentric Theory: | Idea that the sun is at the center of the solar system. |
| Scientific method: | logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas. |
| Enlightenment: | intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems |
| Philosophe: | social critics or philosophers from France. |
| Social contract: | Idea from Thomas Hobbes that suggested all humas are naturally selfish and wicked and must had over their rights to a strong ruler to create/run their government. |
| Estate: | social classes of France. 1st Estate: Church leaders. 2nd estate: rich nobles. 3rd estate: 97% of the people. |
| Tennis Court Oath | a pledge made by the members of France’s National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution. |
| National Assembly | a French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people. |
| Estates-General | Gathering of all three estates of France called by the king. |
| Great Fear: | a wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789. |
| Bastille: | French prison torn down in the early days of the French Revolution. |
| Jacobins | radical political party during the French Revolution |
| Guillotine | a machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution. |
| Reign of Terror: | period from 1793-1794 when Maximilien Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed. |
| Napoleonic Code | a comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon |
| Battle of Trafalgar | an 1805 naval battle in which Napoleon’s forces were defeated by a British fleet under command of Horatio Nelson. |
| Continental System: | Napoleon’s policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe intended to destroy Great Britain’s economy. |
| Peninsular War | conflict in which Spanish rebels, with the aid of British forces, fought to drive Napoleon’s French troops |
| Scorched-earth policy: | the practice of buring crops and killing livestock during wartime so that the enemy cannot live off the land. |
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alishalauricee
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