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Key Concept 6.2.1

QuestionAnswer
Why did the older land based Ottoman, Russian, and Qing empires collapse? They didn't industrialize in time.
In the Ottoman Empire, what reforms were too late? The Tanzimet Reforms.
Ataturk (Father of the Turks) used Nationalism to do what? Free Turkey from the Ottoman Empire.
What were some reasons for the fall of Czarist Russia? Big losses against Germany in WWII and starvation.
Who was the last czar in Russia? Nicholas II, who was only focused on war.
Vladimir Lenin leads a soviet labor union called the? Bolsheviks
What did Vladimir Lenin promise? Peace, land, and power to peasants and soldiers.
What did Vladimir do? He overthrew the czar and made Russia "The Soviet Union" by adding nearby countries in Eastern Europe.
Who overthrew the Qing Dynasty? Nationalist Sun Yat-sen.
What did Sun Yat-sen call his new government? Kuomingdang or KMT.
Kuomingdang was more ________. Western (democratic, but really autocratic).
KMT was taken over by whom? Chiang Kai-Shek.
Chiang Kai-Shek was defeated by whom? Mao Zedong's communist Army in 1949.
Chiang Kai-Shek was pushed off to what island? Taiwan and they claimed that it was the real China and the mainland was fake.
Some colonies negotiated their independence. Like who? India, who was controlled by England. Protested used non-violence.
Who led the protesters in India? Mahatma Mohandas Gandhi.
What does Mahatma mean? Great Soul.
The protesters in India were constantly beaten, but it leads England... to seeing its own wrong.
Pakistan was created by the ______ in India. Muslims
East Pakistan and West Pakistan had a civil war, and East Pakistan became _____________. Bangladesh
________ achieved independence through armed struggle. Vietnam
Who did Vietnam fight for independence? France.
Vietnam split in to North (?) and South (?) Vietnam. North Communism and South Capitalism.
Why did they have the Vietnam war? America was scared of the North Vietnamese.
________ also fought off France for independence in the 1960s. Algeria
Emerging ideologies of anti-imperialism contributed to the dissolution of what? Empires and the restructuring of states.
Nationalist leaders in ____ and ______ challenged imperial rule. Asia, Africa
Ho Chi Minh challenged France using... violence and communism.
Gandhi challenged England using... non-violence and peace-nicking.
Regional, religious, and ethnic movements challenged both what? Colonial rule and inherited imperial boundaries.
What did Muhammad Ali Jinnah do? He used Islam to rally Muslims to fight for a Muslim state in India?
What Muslim state did Jinnah create in India? Pakistan.
Nigeria was given independence from who? England.
In Nigeria, it was mostly Muslims, with some _________ in the South, who wanted their own country. Christians
The Christian South in Nigeria seceded and became _____ for three years. Biafra
What motivated the Biafrians? The will of God. *cough petroleum cough*
Eventually what happened to Biafra? It was crushed and reabsorbed by stronger Nigeria.
The army that took over Biafra was led by a guy nicknamed? The Black Scorpion.
Who was the Parti Quebecois? The Quebec Separatist Party.
The Parti Quebecois spoke French and didn't like _________. Anglophones.
The Parti Quebecois had popular support, but.... never the votes to secede.
What sought to unite people across national boundaries? Transnational movements.
What held control in Eastern Europe, Russia, China, North Korea, some African countries, Vietnam, and Cuba? Communism.
What separated capitalist and communist Europe? "The Iron Curtain"
What is the COMINTERN group? Communist International made by Lenin, they spread communism duh.
What is NATO? The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, created by the US and Western Europe. They promised to protect one another from communist countries.
What is the Warsaw Pact? A pact created by the USSR that wanted to protect them from the capitalists.
What is Pan Africanism? An idea that all people of African decent are linked and must come together for the food of their own people.
Movements to redistribute land and resources developed where? Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
Land issues in Africa, Asia, and Latin America led to the rise of? Communism in North Korea and Cuba.
Political changes were accompanied by what? Major demographic and social consequences.
The redrawing of old colonial boundaries led to what? Population resettlements.
Israel is separated by the... Muslims and the Jews.
The Middle East becomes individual states after the fall of? The Ottoman Empire.
After 1900, what was the most important resource in the world? Petroleum.
What is OPEC? Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
The migration of former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles maintained cultural and economic ties between? The colony and the metropole even after the dissolution of empires.
What does metropole mean? Mother city or huge city.
Indians still migrate to ________ even after independence. London
Algerians still migrate to ________ even after their independence. Paris
Who wanted to force people from other countries to be slaves to the Germans? Heinrich Himmler
What did Hitler think? Aryans created culture and Jews had always tried to destroy it. He convinced many that Jews worked with Americans to keep Germany in a depression.
Ethnic cleansing was started by who? Reinhard Heydrich
What did mobile killing units do? Go to towns and kill tons of Jews.
How many concentration camps were in Poland? 6, with Auschwitz being the biggest.
How many Jews were killed? 6 million.
How many non Jews were killed? 10 million.
Where was the Armenian Genocide? In the Ottoman Empire after WWI.
Who saw the Armenians as a threat and a problem? The Ottoman Empire and the new "Turkey" led by Young Turks.
How many Armenian Christians were killed in the Armenian Genocide? Between 1 and 1.5 million.
Who were the Tutsi people in charge of Rwanda after Germany and Belgium left? The light skinned people.
Who were the Hutu peoples? The darker skinned people who staged a coup and took over the government in 1972.
The civil war in Rwanda to Hutu killing ________ Tutsi in 100 days. 800,000
Where did the Darfur Genocide happen? Sudan 2009-2011
Eastern Sudan was mostly non-Muslim, or ______. Darfur
Muslim controlled government saw who as a threat? Darfur
What is Janjaweed? An independent military group who was payed to murder people in Darfur (over 100K).
World War I and World War II were the first "...". Total wars.
What is a total war? When the entire country is part of the war.
What were people doing in a total war? Factories made weapons, women sowed uniforms, children collected cans to donate to the war effort,and war bonds were offered to be purchased.
What is forced conscription? "the draft"
Competition for resources were reasons for global conflict. What resources? Middle Eastern and South East Asia oil and rubber from Central Africa.
Germany starts the Triple Alliance with who? Italy and Austria-Hungary.
Why was the Triple Alliance created? To protect them from France.
France joined with who to protect each other from the Alliance? Russia and England.
The alliance between France, Russia, and England was called? The Triple Entente.
Why did WWI begin? It started between Serbia and Austria-Hungary over some land. Archduke Ferdinand and his wife were hanging out in disputed territory and they got killed.
What is "war of attrition"? Wear the enemy down and kill more than you lose.
Who turned on the Triple Alliance? Italy.
Who joined the Central Powers, Germany and Austria-Hungary? The Ottomans.
Why did the US join WWI? Germany sunk a sub and killed 100 Americans, Germany stopped using the subs at US request, but when they began using the subs again, US entered the war.
Who quit in WWI? Russia to deal with their own Revolution.
What did France make Germany do after WWI? Pay for the entire war, forfeit any weapons, and create a buffer country between the two countries.
How many people died in WWI? 10 million.
When was the Revolution in Russia? 1905
Who ruled in Russia during the Revolution? Czar Nicholas II
After the Russian Revolution who met and took power? The Dumas (legislature).
Who overthrew the duma? Lenin, who had a soviet called the Bolsheviks.
Red=Communist White=Anti-Communist Who supported the White? The Allies: US, France, Italy, and England.
Created by: 1213RachelBlair
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