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Myology 1
Lecture 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Thorax | entire chest,protect aorgan in chest and upper abdomen,proved support for bones of upper limbs.bony cage flattened from front to back.formed by sternum,ribs,costal cartilages,bodies of thoracic vertebrae |
| sternum | breastbone,manubrium,xiphoid,sternal angle |
| manubrium | of sternum,upper portion,suprasternal jugular notch,clavicular notches,body |
| suprasternal jugular notch | depression in upper part of the manubrium, hole at base of neck |
| clavicular notches | lateral sides of manubrium,for articulation with the clavicle |
| body | middle and largest portion of sternum |
| xiphoid | inferior and smallest portion of sternum, process=mm attachement |
| sternal angle | sternum meets manubrium, formed by juction of the manubrium and body |
| ribs | 12 ribs, 1-7 true,8-12 false,11 and 12 floating |
| Ribs 1-7 | true ribs, direct anterior attachment to sternum |
| ribs 8-12 | false ribs, attaches indirectly to sternum or doesnt attach to sternum at all |
| ribs 11-12 | floating, ends of ribs do not attach to sternum |
| pectoralis major | pecs c lats important in pull up.synergistic with lats both add & IR arm. antagonistic lats ext/pecs flex arm.attach from trunk to arm.pec major has layers.makes up majority of ant axillary fold,shoulder flex up to 60 degrees.powerful horizontal add |
| pectoralis major layers | clavicular fibers are most superficial(anterior),sternal fibers are deep to clavicular fibers and costal and abdominal fibers attach more proximally on the humerus. |
| anterior axillary fold | pectoralis major, tissue which borders the armpit anteriorly |
| pectoralis major clavicular HeadOIAN | O=medial clavicle,I=lateral lip of bicipital groove.A=add,IR,Horizontal Add and flex of arm,depress and protract scap.N=med and lat pectoral nn |
| pectoralis minor | contract it pulls on coracoid process pulling scap into lateral tilt,tight pecs minor contribute to rounded shoulders.accessory mm of inspiration |
| lateral tilt | when scapula lateral border pulled in toward the lateral body wall and medial border moves away from posterior body wall,pec minor pulling on coracoid process of scapula |
| rounded shoulders | common postural condition in which the scapulae are protracted and depressed and the humeri are medially rotated.pec minors action of protraction and depression, tight pec minors |
| pec minor accessory mm of inspiration | elevates ribs 3-5, expanding rib cage during inspiration |
| pectoralis minor OIAN | O= anterior borders of ribs 3-5.I=coracoid process of scap.A=protracts,depress and downwardly rotate scap,rev mm action=elevation of ribs 3-5.N=medial pectoral nn |
| subclavius | if clavicle fixed to scap subclavius depress scap at scapulocostal jt.main funct fixator of clavicle during arm/shoulder movements.common entrapment site for nn of brachial plexus & subclavian artery=costoclavicular syndrom.intercostal mm during inspir. |
| subclavius OIAN | O=1st rib.I=inferior surface of clavicle.A=depress clavicle and elevate 1st rib.N=nn from brachial plexus |
| external intercostals | same direction as exteranl obliques.appear to be extension of external obliques.inspiration=expand.address in client with respiratory condition=asthma,emphysema. |
| external intercostals OIAN | O=inferior borders of ribs 1-11.I=superior border of rib below.A=inspiration,elevate ribs 2-12.N=intercostal nn |
| internal intercostals | same direction as the internal abdominal obliques.thinner than external intercostals,expiration |
| innermost intercostals | deep to internal intercostals |
| internal intercostals OIAN | O=superior border of rib below.I=inferor border of rib above.A=expiration, depresses ribs 1-11.N=intercostal nn. rib 12 doesnt move |
| transversus thoracis | superior fibers run vertically, inferior fibers run horizontally.internally within thoracic cavity,respiratory mm=expiration |
| transversus thoracis OIAN | O=internal surfaces of sternum,xiphoid and adjacent costal cartilage.I=internal surfaces of costal cartilage 2-6.A=depress ribs 2-6.N=intercostal nn |
| diaphragm | separates thoracic and abdominal cavities.number of openings to allow passage of structures.(esophagus,aorta,inferior vena cava),must contract for quiet relaxed inspiration.conscious and unconscious.phrenic nn.C345 keeps diaphragm alive. |
| hiatal hernia | part of the stomach herniates thru the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity. |
| diaphragm OIAN | O=internal surfaces of ribcage,sternum and spine.I=central tendon of diaphragm,A=increases volume of thoracic cavity during inspiration.N=phrenic nerve |
| muscles of the anterior abdominal wall | rectus abdominus,external/internal obliques,transversus abdominus,all 4 mm compress the abdominal contents.all except tranversus can flex the trunk. external obliqu of one side synergistic with internal oblique of opposite side with trunk rotation. |
| rectus abdominus | anteromedially,three fibrous bands=tendinous inscriptions transect rectus abs and divide into 4 sections.eight pack mm.two rectus sheaths encase it and meet at linea alba. |
| linea alba | midline of rectus abdominus where two rectus sheaths meet. |
| rectus abdominus OIAN | O=pubis,I=xiphoid and cartilages of ribs 5-7.A=bilat flex trunk,post tilt,compress abdominal contents.unilat lateral flex trunk.N=intercostal nn,iliohypogastric,ilioinguinal nn |
| external oblique | lateral to rectus abdominus.most powerful of 3 layers of anterolateral abdominal wall. most superficial.fiber direction=hand in coat pocket |
| abdominal mm superficial to deep | E-I-T |
| external oblique OIAN | O=anterior iliac crest,pubic bone,inguinal ligament,abdominal aponeurosis.I=lower 8 ribs.A=bilat trunk flex,post tilt,compress ab contents.unilat lateral trunk flex,contralateral trunk rotation and elevate pelvis.N=intercostal,iliohypogastric,ilioinguinal |
| internal oblique | fiber direction=hands in back pockets.ipsilateral trunk rotator and antagonistic to its external oblique partner on the same side. |
| internal oblique OIAN | O=pubic bone,inguinal lig,iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia.I=lower 3 ribs,abdominal aponeurosis.A=bilat flex trunk,post tilt,compress ab content.unilat lateral trunk flexion,ipsilateral rot and elevation of pelvis.N=intercostal,ilihypogastric,iliinguinal |
| transversus abdominis | only ab mm that cannot act as a mover of skeletal action.primarily compresses abdominal contents.upper fibers contiguous with diaphragm and transversus thoracis,corset mm. |
| transversus abdominis OIAN | O=pubic bone,inguinal lig,iliac crest,thoracolumbar fascia,lower costal cartilage.I=abdominal aponeurosis.A=compress ab contents.N=intercostal, iliohypogastric,ilioinguinal nn |
| pectoralis major sternal head OIAN | sternum and upper costal cartilage.I=lateral lip of bicipital groove.A=add,IR,horizontal add or arm.depress and protracts scapN=med and lat pec nn |
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