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Gunnels - Ch. 11-12
Imperialism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| imperialism | a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economicaly, and socially. |
| racism | the belief that one race is superior to others. |
| Social Darwinism | the application of Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as justification for imperialist expansion. |
| Berlin Conference | a meeting at which representatives of European nations agreed upon rules for the European colonization of Africa. |
| Cecil Rhodes | British businessman and major supporter of British expansion, who clearly stated his position in his Confession of Faith. |
| David Livingstone | a missionary from Scotland who traveled with a group of Africans deep into Central Africa to promote Christianity. |
| Henry Morton Stanley | a newspaper reporter who was hired to find David Livingstone after he had gone missing. |
| Shaka | a Zulu chief who used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization to create a large centralized state. |
| Boer | a Dutch colonist in South Africa. |
| Boer War | a conflict, lasting from 1899-1902, in which the Boers and British fought for control of South Africa. |
| sepoy | an Indian soldier serving under British command. |
| "jewel in the crown" | the British colony of India - so called because of its importance to the British Empire, both as a supplier of raw materials and as a market for finished goods. |
| Sepoy Mutiny | an 1857 rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India. |
| Raj | British rule after India came under the British crown during the reign of Queen Victoria. |
| Treaty of Kanagawa | an 1854 agreement between the United States and Japan, which opened 2 Japanese ports to U.S. ships and allowed the U.S. to set up an embassy in Japan. |
| Meiji era | the period of Japanese history from 1867-1902, during which the country was ruled by Emperor Mutsuhito. |
| Russo-Japanese War | 1904-1905 conflict between Russia and Japan, sparked by the two countries' efforts to dominate Manchuria and Korea. |
| annexation | the adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit. |
| caudillo | a military dictator of a Latin American country. |
| Monroe Doctrine | a U.S. policy of opposition to European interference in Latin America, announced by President James Monroe. |
| Jose Marti | an exiled Cuban writer who helped form and lead the revolution that became the second war for Cuban independence. |
| Spanish-American War | an 1898 conflict between United States and Spain, in which the United States supported Cuba's fight for independence. |
| Panama Canal | a man-made waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, built in Panama by the United States and opened in 1914. |
| Roosevelt Corollary | President Theodore Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, in which he declared that the United States had the right to exercise "police power" throughout the Western Hemisphere. |