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Ch. 14 and 15 gay
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Totalitarianism | a theory of government in which a single party or leader controls the economic, social, and cultural lives of its people |
| Anti-Semitic | prejudice and discrimination against jewish people |
| Spanish Civil War | Nationalist forces led by General Fransisco Franco rebelled against the Democratic Republican government of spain |
| Appeasement | policy of granting concessions in order to keep the peace |
| Anschluss | union of germany and austria in 1933 |
| Munich Pact | agreement made between Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France in 1938 that sacrificed the Sudetenland to preserve peace |
| Blitzkrieg | "lightning war" that emphasized the use of speed and firepower to penetrate deep into the enemy's territory |
| Axis Powers | group of countries led by Germany, Italy, and Japan that fought the Allies in World War II |
| Allies | group of countries led by Britain, France, the United States, and the USSR |
| Neutrality Act of 1939 | act that allowed nations at war to buy goods and arms in the united states if they paid cash and carried merchandise on their own ships |
| Tripartite Pact | agreement that created an alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II |
| Lend-Lease Act | act passed in 1941 that allowed President Roosevelt to sell or lend war supplies to any country whose defense he considered vital to the safety of the United States |
| Atlantic Charter | a joint declaration made in August 1941 by Great Britain and the United States, during world war II, that endorsed national self-determination and an international system of general security |
| Pearl Harbor | American military base attacked by the Japanese on December 7, 1941 |
| WAC | U.S. Army group established during World War II so that women could serve in noncombat roles |
| Bataan Death March | during World War II, the forced march of American and Filipino prisoners of war under brutal conditions by the japanese military |
| Battle of Coral Sea | World War II battle that took place between Japanese and American aircraft carriers |
| Unconditional Surrender | giving up completely without any concessions |
| Saturation Bombing | tactic of dropping massive amounts of bombs in order to inflict maximum damage |
| Strategic bombing | tactics of dropping bombs on key political and industrial areas |
| Tuskegee Airmen | African American squadron that escorted bombers in the air war over Europe during World War II |
| Battle of Midway | turning point of World War II in the Pacific, in which the japanese advance was stopped |
| Executive Order 8802 | World War II measure that assured fair hiring practices in any job funded by the government |
| Bracero Program | plan that brought laborers from Mexico to work on American farms |
| Internment | temporary imprisonment of members of a specific group |
| Korematsu v. United States | controversial 6–3 decision of the Supreme Court that affirmed the conviction of a Japanese American citizen who violated an exclusion order that barred all persons of Japanese ancestry from designated military areas during World War II |
| 442nd Regimental | Combat Team of the United States Army was a regimental size fighting unit composed almost entirely of American soldiers of Japanese descent who volunteered to fight in World War II even though their families were subject to internment |
| Rationing | government-controlled limits on the amount of certain goods that civilians could buy during wartime |
| OWI | government agency that encouraged support of the war effort during World war II |
| Battle of the Buldge | in December 1944, Hitler ordered a counter attack on Allied troops in Belgium, but it crippled Germany by using up reserves and demoralizing its troops |
| Island Hopping | World War II strategy that involved seizing selected Japanese-held islands in the pacific while bypassing others |
| Kamikaze | japanese pilots who deliberately crashed planes into American ships during World War II |
| Manhattan Project | code name of the project that developed the atomic bomb |
| Holocaust | name now used to describe the systematic murder of jews by the nazis |
| Anti-Semitism | prejudice and discrimination against jewish people |
| Nuremburg | laws enacted by Hitler that denied German citizenship to jews |
| Kristallnacht | "Night of broken glass" organized attacks on jewish communities in Germany on November 9, 1938 |
| Genocide | willful annihilation of a racial, political, or cultural group |
| Concentration Camp | camps used by the Nazis to imprison "undesirable" members of society |
| War Refugee Board | U.S. government agency founded in 1944 to save Eastern European jews |
| Yalta Conference | 1945 strategy meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and stalin |
| Superpower | powerful country that plays a dominant economic, political, and military role in the world |
| Gatt | international agreement first signed in 1947 aimed at lowering trade barriers |
| United Nations | organization founded in 1945 to promote peace |
| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | document issued by the UN to promote basic human rights and freedoms |
| Geneva Convention | international agreement governing the humane treatment of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war |
| Nuremburg Trials | trials in which nazi leaders were charged with war crimes |
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