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Cultural Anthro

Chapter 10 Cultural Anthropology

TermDefinition
religion beliefs and rituals concerned with supernatural beings, powers, and forces
animism belief in souls or doubles
mana sacred impersonal force in Melanesian and Polynesian religions
taboo prohibition backed by supernatural sanctions
magic use of supernatural techniques to accomplish specific aims
ritual behavior that is formal, stylized, repetitive, stereotyped, performed earnestly as a social act; held at set times and places and have liturgical orders
rites of passage culturally defined activities associated with the transition from one place or stage of life to another
liminality the critically important marginal or in-between phase or a rite of passage
communitas intense community spirit, a feeling of great social solidarity, equality, and togetherness; characteristic of people experiencing liminality together
leveling mechanisms customs and social actions that operate to reduce differences in wealth and thus to bring standouts in line with community norms
shaman a part-time religious practitioner who mediates between ordinary people and supernatural beings and forces
communal religions in Wallace's typology, these religions have--in addition to shamanic cults--communal cults in which people organize community rituals such as harvest ceremonies and rites of passage
polytheism belief in several deities who control aspects of nature
Olympian religions in Wallace's typology, religions that develop with state organization; have full-time religious specialists--professional priesthoods
monotheism worship of an eternal, omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent supreme being
revitalization movements movements that occur in times of change, in which religious leaders emerge and undertake to alter or revitalize a society
cargo cults postcolonial, acculturative, religious movements common in Melanesia that attempt to explain European domination and wealth and to achieve similar success magically by mimicking European behavior
Created by: sgentry38
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