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Lesson 5-
Skeletal and Muscular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Orthopedics | branch of medicine involved in the prevention and correction of deformities or diseases of the muscular and skeletal |
| Orthopedist | physician specializing in disorders of the bones and associated structures |
| Skeleton | composed of bone and cartilage: framework of the body |
| Muscles | soft tissue units that move an organ or part of the body by contracting and relaxing |
| Musculoskeletal | Muscular and Skeletal system as referred to as one |
| Bones in adult skeletal system | 206 |
| Cranium | (crani/o) skull |
| Clavicle | (clavicul/o) collarbone |
| Costa | (cost/o) rib |
| Scapula | (scapula/o) shoulder blade |
| Sternum | (stern/o) breastbone |
| Vertebra | (vertebr/o, spondyl/o) bones of the spinal column |
| Ilium | (ili/o) hip bones |
| Ischium | (ischi/o) hip bones |
| Pubis | (pub/o) hip bones |
| Humerus | (humer/o) upper arm bone |
| Radius | (radi/o) bone of the forearm |
| Ulna | (uln/o) bone of the forearm |
| Carpals | (carp/o) wrist bones |
| Metacarpals | (metacarp/o) bones of the hands |
| Phalanges | (phalang/o) bones of the fingers |
| Femur | (femor/o) thigh bone |
| Patella | (patell/o) kneecap |
| Fibula | (fibul/o) bone of the lower leg |
| Tibia | (tibi/o) bone of the lower leg |
| Tarsals | (tars/o) ankle bones |
| Metatarsals | (metatars/o) bones of the feet |
| Phalanges | (phalang/o) bones of the toes |
| De- | down, from, or reversing |
| Calc/i- | calcium |
| Cervic/o- | neck or uterine cervix |
| Coccyg/o- | Coccyx |
| Lumb/o- | lumbar |
| Myel/o- | bone marrow or spinal cord |
| Oste/o- | bone |
| Pelv/i- | pelvis |
| Rach/i- | spine |
| Rachi/o- | spine |
| Sacr/o- | sacrum |
| Spondyl/o- | pertaining to the vertebra or the spinal column |
| Thorac/o- | thorax |
| Paraplegia | is paralysis of the lower portion of the body and both legs |
| Quadriplegia | is paralysis of the arms and legs. i.e. from the neck down |
| Herniated disk | protruding disk than can press on the spinal cord or on a spinal nerve, causing pain |
| Laminectomy | excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra |
| Spina Bifida | is a congenital abnormality characterized by defective closure of the bones of the spine |
| Scoliosis | is lateral curvature of the spine |
| Kyphosis | exaggerated curvature of the spine from front to back gives rise to a condition commonly known as humpback or hunchback |
| Rheumatoid Spondylitis | causes inflammation of cartilage between the vertebrae |
| Ankylosed Spine | when the whole spine becomes stiffened and inflexible |
| Osteoarthritis | loss of spinal flexibility a chronic disease involving the bones and joints |
| Spinal Anethesia | loss of feeling produced by an anesthetic injected into the spinal canal |
| Spinal puncture | is a puncture of the spinal cavity with a needle (aspirtae spinal fluid, anesthesia, radiograpic agents) |
| Spinal cord | is part of the central nervous system |
| Spinal fluid | is the clear colorless liquid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord |
| cerebrospinal fluid | is the clear colorless liquid that circulates through out the brain and spinal cord |
| Articualtion | place of union between two or more bones |
| Synovial Joints | joint that have cavities between articulating bones |
| Synovial fluid | the lubricating fluid contained with synovial joints |
| Bursae | are sacs of fluid located in the areas of friction especially in joints |
| Bursitis | inflammation of a bursa |
| Arthritis | infalmmation of a joint |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | chronic disease characterized by inflammatory chages in joints and related structures |
| Spondylarthritis | inflammation of a vertebrae |
| Polyarthritis | inflammation of more thatn one joint |
| Arthralgia | painful joint |
| arthrodynia | painful joint |
| Arthrocentesis | needle puncture of a joint space |
| Arthroscopy | direct visualization of the interior of a joint |
| Arthroscope | a fiberoptic instrument to view interior of a joint |
| Arthrotomy | incision of a joint |
| Arthropathy | disease of a joint |
| Ankylosis | abnormal condition in which the joint is immobile and stiff |
| Ligaments | are strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones or cartilage and serve to support and strengthen joints |
| Fascia | is the fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and seperates muscles |
| Tendons | bands of strong fibrous tissue that attach the muscles to the bones |
| Tendoplasty | surgical repair of a tendon |
| Tendonitis | inflammation of a tendon |
| Ankyl/o- | stiff |
| Arthr/o- | articulation, joint |
| Burs/o- | bursa |
| Chondr/o- | cartilage |
| Muscul/o- | muscle |
| My/o- | muscle |
| Ten/o- | tendon |
| Tend/o- | tendon |
| Collagen disease | are disorders of the connective tissue |
| Collagen | is a fibrous protein of connective tissue |
| Lupus erythematosus | are collagen disease |
| Scleroderma | collagen diseases |
| Dislocation | is a displacement of a bone from a joint |
| Fracture | the breakin of a bone |
| Simple fracture | the bone is broken but does not punture the skin surface |
| Compound fracture | the end of the broken bone is visible through an opening in the skin |
| Reduction | the correction of a fracture whereby the broken ends are pulled into alignment |
| Closed reduction | if a fractured bone is restored to its normal position by manipulation without surgery |
| Open reduciton | fractured bone must be exposed by surgery |
| Internal fixation | in which a rod or plate is inserted to stabilize the bones alignment |
| Gout | painful metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis caused by hyperuricemia |
| Hernia | protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it |
| Leukemias | are chronic or acute diseases of the blood forming tissues characterized by unrestrained growth of leukocytes and their precursors |
| Multiple myeloma | is a disease characterized by te presence of many tumor masses in the bone and bone marrow |
| Osteitis deformans | is a skeletal disease of the elderly characterized by chronic bone inflammation |
| Sacrcomas | cancers that arise from connetive tissue such as muscle or bone |
| Chondrosarcoma | compose of masses cartilage |
| Fibrosarcoma | Malignant tumor containing much frbrous tissue |
| Sprain | injury to a joint that causes pain and disabiltiy |
| Strain | excessive use of a part of the body to the extent that it is injured; trauma to a muscle caused by violent contraction or excessive forcible stretch |
Created by:
SHOSELYN
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