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Chapter 20: Americas

Americas and Oceania

When did the Toltecs emerge in South America? They emergaed in the ninth and tenth centuries AD.
When did the Aztecs (or Mexica) arrive in central Mexico? They arrived in the mid thriteenth century AD.
Mexica Religion: 1) Mexica deities adopted from pror Mesoamerican cultures. 2) Ritual bloodletting common to all Mesoamericans. a. Human sacrifice to Huitzilopochtli b. Large temple at the center of Tenochtitlan, thousands of skulls.
Mexica society: 1) Mexica warrriors were the elite at the top of rigid socail hierarchy. 2) Women had no public role, but were honored as warriors' mothers. a. Women who died in childbirth were celbrated. 3) Priests also among Mexica elite continued... 4) Most of the mexica were either cultivators or slaves 5)Artisans and merchants enjoyed prestige
Nomadic Foragers of Australia: 1) Nomadic, foraging cities; didn't take up agriculture 2) Aboriginal culture and religious traditions
Development of Pacific Island Society: 1) Trade between island groups such as Tonga, Samoa, and Fiji 2) Distant islands more isolated, especailly eastern Pacific 3) Polynesian mariners took long voyages 4) Population growth on all larger Pacific islan continued... 5) More complex social and political structures 6) Powerful chiefs created centralized states in Tonga and Hawai'i 7) In polynesian religion, priests were intermediaries between gods and humans.
Created by: kristenbrunner
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