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Greece
Vocab for Greece
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dardanelles | Strait that separates the Sea of Marmara from the Aegean Sea |
| Athens | Greek city-state known for its culture, focus on education and being the founder of democracy |
| Sparta | Greek City-state known for its emphasis on a strong military and the perfect body |
| Troy | Enemy of Sparta; fought Sparta in the Trojan War |
| Macedonia | Area north of Mainland Greece |
| Zeus | God of Olympia |
| Hera | Goddess of marriage – wife of Zeus |
| Apollo | God of music and son |
| Artemis | Goddess of the hunt |
| Athena | Goddess of wisdom; patron goddess of Athens |
| Aphrodite | Goddess of beauty and love |
| Homer | Blind poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey |
| The Illiad | Epic poem about the Trojan War |
| The Odyssey | Epic poem about a man’s journey home from the Trojan War |
| Dorians | People who conquered the early Greeks |
| Polis | City-state |
| Monarchy | Government led by a king or queen |
| aristocracy | Government led by wealthy land owners |
| tyranny | Government led by one wealthy land owner |
| democracy | Government where people have the power; able to vote on issues |
| Oligarchy | Government led by a small group of people |
| Acropolis | Hilltop center of a city-state |
| Agora | Open air marketplace |
| Pericles | Greek politician that strengthened democracy; brought about Greece Golden Age |
| Aeschylus | Greek playwright |
| Sophocles | Greek playwright |
| Herodotus | Greek historian; often exaggerated |
| Thucydides | Greek historian; reported only the facts |
| Phidias | Greek sculptor |
| Parthenon | Temple of Athena in Athens |
| Socrates | Greek philosopher; forced to commit suicide for questioning the government |
| Plato | Greek philosopher; student of Socrates; wrote The Republic about a perfectly governed society |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher; student of Plato; taught logic; his work is basis for the Scientific Method |
| Doric | Greek column; very plain |
| Ionic | Greek column; some decoration – looks like eyes |
| Corinthian | Greek column; very fancy – not used much in Greece |
| Draco | Greek politician; wrote the first law code; harsh punishments |
| Solon | Greek politician; outlawed debt slavery |
| Direct Democracy | Form of government where every citizen has a vote |
| Hoplite | Greek soldier |
| Phalanx | Greek military formation of foot soldiers with 9 ft long spears and shields |
| Helot | Slave |
| Battle of Marathon | Battle of the Persian war; Greeks won |
| Battle of Thermopylae | Battle of Persian war where 300 Spartans held off Persian army long enough for most to escape to Salamis |
| Battle of Salamis | First naval battle; won by Greeks due to their faster boats |
| Persian War | Series of wars with Persia |
| Peloponnesian War | War between Athens and allies against Sparta and allies; brings about the downfall of Athens |
| Phillip II | King of Macedon; father of Alexander the Great |
| Hellenistic Age | Time period where Alexander spread Greek culture throughout the known world |
| Archimedes | Greek mathematician; invented the water screw and explained the law of the lever; estimated the value of pi |
| Hippocrates | “Father of Medicine” |
| Euclid | Mathematician whose work is the basis for geometry |
| Pythagorus | Mathematician advanced work in geometry |
Created by:
mpharper
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