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WorldHistoryMidtermm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abraham | lived in 1800 BCE, is in the Hebrew Bible and Qur'an, is an important figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, is believed to be the patriarch of these three religions, and he was one of the first people to teach the idea that there is only one God. |
| Moses | Jewish prophet & leader, lived during the 14th century BC, led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt in the Exodus, is the most important figure in Judaism, believed to have written the Torah, is important prophet in Christianity and Islam. |
| Jesus | Jewish man & teacher, the Son of God and Messiah, lived in the Roman province of Judea during 1st century CE, is the most important figure in Christianity, allowed himself to be crucified by the Romans to atone for the sins of humanity. |
| Muhammad | lived during the 6th & 7th century CE, spent most of his life in Mecca before migrating with his followers to Medina, is the founder of Islam, considered by Muslims to be the last in a line of prophets of God, had prophecies, collected in the Qur'an. |
| Five Pillars of Islam | central to Muslim faith: shahadah (statement of belief), salat (daily prayers), sawm (fasting) during Ramadan, zakat (alms-giving), and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). Muslims believe observation of the Five Pillars is a sign of commitment to Islam. |
| Merovingian | were a line of Frankish kings beginning with Clovis I who helped to spread the influence of Christianity across Europe, were a group of Germanic Franks that established a kingdom in the Roman province Gaul, began in 481 CE, ruled Gaul for about 200 years |
| Charlemagne | Frankish king, united Franks, born in 742 CE, a pious Christian, sought to help church & education, laid groundwork for political & economic patterns that later ruled rest of the European medieval period, conquests formed foundation for Holy Roman Empire. |
| Holy Roman Empire | made of lands in Central Europe where Germany now stands, didn't begin until 962 with Otto I, was a major political power in Europe for a long time, lasted for over 800 years, helped spread Christianity through northern Europe. |
| The Crusades | on behalf of Roman Catholic/Orthodox Churches to establish control over the Holy Land; failed to maintain control of it; they did broaden the medieval European world, brought Muslim knowledge to that world & increased wealth & power of Catholic Church. |
| Pope Urban II | Roman Catholic pope between the years 1088-1099, responded to Byzantine Emperor's plea for help & defended the empire against the Turks & called the Council of Clermont and issued a call for the First Crusade. |
| Richard the Lionheart | known for his bravery & leadership in battle, most famous for leading/fighting the Third Crusade, battled with/won against Saladin, never won back Jerusalem, also prominent in some English folklore; said to have brought about Robin Hood. |
| Saladin | Kurdish Muslim warrior, grew famous fighting in the Holy Land against the crusaders, successfully retook Jerusalem, is known for his role in uniting the Muslims of Egypt, Syria, and surrounding lands & driving the Christian Crusaders out of Jerusalem. |
| Sundiata Keita | first King of Mali, founded it in 1235 CE, expanded the territory to include parts of the Kingdom of Ghana, was the founder of the Kingdom of Mali, reestablished the gold and salt trade, is a major figure in the orals histories of West Africa. |
| Mansa Musa | king of the Mali Empire in 1312-1332 CE, altered value of gold during pilgrimage to Mecca, caused Islam to flourish in the area, increased Mali's trade, fostered developments in learning and made the city an important intellectual center. |
| Sonni Ali | first king of Songhai Empire from 1464-1492 CE, let Songhai Empire grow larger than the Mali Empire, allowed practice of Islam, practiced Islam with animist beliefs, founder of the Songhai Empire, helped spread the religion into more areas of West Africa. |
| Askia Muhammad | ruled the Songhai Empire from 1593-1628 CE, overthrown by his son, expanded the empire, strengthened it, founded the Askia Dynasty, practiced traditional Islam, made Songhai's official religion Islam; civil code, Quran; official language, Arabic. |
| Bantu Migration | Bantu-speaking peoples of the Niger and Bhenu River Valleys moved into East, Central and South Africa; changed the culture, spread their language and traditions(agricultural skill and knowledge of iron working)helped small communities grow into kingdoms. |
| Swahili Coast | an area of east Africa where Arab and Indian traders made new port cities(Mogadishu, Malindi, Mombasa and Kilwa)along the Indian Ocean. It became an important and powerful trading region, combining cultures created the language Swahili & Swahili culture. |
| Great Zimbabwe | was a kingdom from the 11th-15th centuries CE in southeastern Zimbabwe, known today for pottery and curved stone architecture, was a major African kingdom and city-state. It sent interior trade goods to cities along the Indian Coast, especially gold. |
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brianna_flvs
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