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Unit 5 Cornell Notes

QuestionAnswer
What was said to precede most revolutions and rebellions in this time period? The Enlightenment.
What were some Scientific Revolution ideas? Reason and rationality.
What did philosophers like Voltaire challenge? Religion.
What did Rousseau argue for? Natural rights and the social contract.
What are natural rights? Rights you are born with.
What is the social contract? Citizens giving up some rights for protection by the government.
What government systems did Montesquieu come up with? Separate powers and checks and balances.
What did John Locke believe? People deserved as many rights as possible as long as they don't infringe on anyone else's rights.
What did Hobbes believe? That people were born selfish, stubborn, and stupid and deserved limited rights.
What are some examples of reform documents of this time? The American Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen.
What are some Enlightenment ideas that challenged social structure? Women's suffrage, abolition of slavery, and the end of serfdom.
How did the government use nationalism to their advantage? They used it to unite diverse populations.
People continued to grow discontent with Imperial rule which led them to... reform and revolt.
Who challenged strong imperial governments? Their subjects.
Who are the Marathas? Southern Indian Hindus.
What did the Marathas do? They rose up against the Mughal Empire and took much of southern India.
American colonial subjects led a series of rebellions which facilitated the emergence of what? Independent states in the United States, Haiti, and mainland Latin America.
What led to the American Revolution? Taxes on the colonies after the French and Indian War.
What were Locke's ideas? Overthrow your government if it is bad.
What are the 3 Estates? The 1st the clergy, the 2nd the nobility, and the 3rd the commoners.
The clergy made up what percent of the land? 15%
The nobility made up what percent of the land? 35%
Who were the bourgeoisie? The middle class.
The commoners made up what percent of the land? 50%; 80% of the population.
What was the main cause of the French Revolution? Economic problems.
What is the Estates General? A meeting.
What did the Third Estate want? A national constitution.
What was the official start of the French Revolution? When the 3rd Estate stormed the Bastille.
What did the French National Assembly write? The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizens.
Where did Louis hide from the French rebels? Versailles.
When Louis came back to Paris, what happened to him? He was basically held hostage.
In the Constitution of 1791, who got the power? The legislators had all the power but they still have a king.
When the king tried to escape, who caught them? The Paris Commune.
What did the French Rebels want? An end to the monarch.
What does "Sans-Culottes"? Without fancy pants.
Who led Sans-Culottes? Georges Danton.
What did the Sans-Culottes want? To take power from the National Assembly and force a new convention on the future of France.
At the National Convention in 1792, what happened to Louis? He was sentenced to death.
Who was Marat? A dude who wanted Louis to be killed. He laid in a bath all day to sooth his skin disorder.
Who killed Marat in his bath tub? Charlotte Corday.
Europe countries invaded France to put the king back in power. The committee meets and gives power to whom? Robespierre.
What is The Republic of Virtue? They tried to put new laws in France by sending representatives into countries.
Talk about the French Revolutionary Army. It was huge. Everyone was in it. People were fighting for a purpose.
After France wins, what was Robespierre doing? Still killing people, so the convention votes to have him guillotined.
What new government did they make up? The Directory. It had five Directors (governors).
The Directory was... corrupt and people were still mad at Robespierre.
After the Directory came who? Napoleon Bonaparte.
Give me some background on Napoleon. His Dad was a lawyer and he went to military school.
Napoleon rose through the army and becomes head. What'd he do next? Overthrew the government.
What did Napoleon call his new government? Consulate, where his is the consul and has absolute power.
What are some negatives about Napoleon? His wars lasted for years, it cost a ton, and he killed a ton. He denied women basic rights and censored speech and the press.
What are some positives about Napoleon? Created the Bank of France, Civil Law Code, established universities, and granted religious freedom.
What percent of the Haitian population did slaves make up? 90%
What inspired the Haitian Revolution? Enlightenment ideas by creoles and mulattoes, the French Revolution, and the American Revolution.
At the end of the civil war in Haiti, what happened to the slaves? They were freed and had power, but it was still a French colony.
What did Napoleon send to Haiti in 1802? Troops to end the rule of former slaves.
Why were the Haitian's able to defeat the French? They were capable fighters, yellow fever wiped out the French soldiers, and Napoleon eventually gave up.
When did Haiti declare independence? 1804; they were the first independent nation in Latin America.
What territories did Napoleon drop? The Louisiana Purchase.
Why did Latin American countries suddenly want independence? They resented the countries ruling over them, they wanted constitutions, civil liberties, and political rights.
Who else wanted independence? Mexico, from Spain.
So when the Mexicans overthrew the Spanish and instated a republic, what was the outcome? Years of turmoil and corruption.
Talk about the Mexican Revolution 2.0 in 1910. A dictator took over, things were really bad for the poor, so there was a civil war.
Venezuelan Revolution? They declare war, out both Spain and France, and make a new country.
What new country was made when Venezuela became independent? Gran Columbia (Columbia, Ecuador, Venezuela)
Brazilian Revolution? Guy named Pedro makes himself emperor, he abolishes slavery, and it leads to a republic.
What challenged existing authorities in the Americas? Slave resistance.
What does "maroon societies" mean? Fugitive societies.
Who made up these maroon societies? Escaped slaves in Latin and North America.
What contributed to anti-colonial movements? Increasing questions about political authority and growing nationalism.
The Boxer Rebellion was against who? Christians and Europeans.
What was China forced to sign? Boxer Protocol- payments to Japanese/Europeans.
What is the Sepoy Mutiny also called? The Indian Revolt of 1857.
What did the British East India Company use for soldiers? The Indians.
Why did the Sepoy's starting to get frustrated? The British were taking up too much of India, and they did not respect Muslim/Hindu customs.
What did Britain make India? A crown colony and 300 million Indians become British subjects.
What was the Taiping Rebellion? A Chinese nationalist rebellion.
Who led the Taiping Rebellion? Hong Xiuquan (Jesus's brother)
What did Hong Xiuquan want? To bring in a Christian "Heavenly Kingdom" to China.
The Taiping Rebellion had the second deadliest war following what war? The second World War.
What is millenarianism? A religious belief that the turn to a 1,000 year multiple will bring about a new way of life.
What led to reforms in imperial colonies? Increasingly frequent rebellions.
Who was responsible for the Tanzimat reforms in 1839? The Ottoman Empire.
What does "tanzimat" mean? "reorgani-zation"
What stimulated new transnational ideologies and solidarities? The global spread of European political and social thought and the increasing number of rebellions.
What encouraged the development of political ideologies? Discontent with monarchist and imperial rule.
What were some new political ideologies created due to the discontent with monarchist and imperial rule? Liberalism, socialism, and communism.
Liberal idea's like Locke's, influences revolutions where? France, the US, and Latin America.
What lead to communism and socialism in Russia? Factory conditions.
What challenged political and gender hierarchies? Demands for women's suffrage.
Who was Mary Wollstonecraft? An English woman who thought equal education for girls would lead to equality among men.
What did Mary Wollstonecraft write? The Vindication.
Who held the women's conference in Seneca Falls, NY? Middle class women who wanted equal rights.
Who wrote the "Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Female Citizen" in France? De Gouges.
Why did De Gouges write the "Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Female Citizen"? She was angry that the French Revolution left out women. "NO WOMEN? THAT REALLY STINKS"
Migration is caused by what? Changes in demography, food productions, improved medical conditions, and new modes of transportation.
Many individuals chose to freely locate in search of what? Work
What are some examples of individuals who left their homes in search of manual labor? China went to W. US to build railroads, Europeans when to E. US for factory jobs, and Japan went to the Pacific Islands for agricultural work.
What is coerced labor migration? Migration forced by the government.
What is semicoerced labor migration? Migration forced by the situation.
Why did Chinese men chose to became indentured servants in the Caribbean? For the chance to gain fortune after their service was completed.
What made the Chinese men relocate to the Caribbean? Things were bad in China because of the Taiping and Boxer Rebellions.
What did the British sentence Indian debtors to do? Serve on sugar plantations in the Indian Ocean.
What about Japanese agricultural workers in the Pacific Islands? Their work was voluntary and temporary.
Societies in which the migrants went to did not always... embrace the immigrants. #racism
What did the Chinese Exclusion Acts do? The US banned Chinese immigrants for ten years.
What led to the cause of India being taken over by England? The Sepoy Mutiny.
How did England rule India? Directly through Viceroys, or governors.
Benefits of England's rule over India? Stability and infrastructure.
Costs of England's rule over India? Starvation
What countries were ruled by England? Burma, China, and India.
What countries were ruled by France? Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.
Why did China keep losing land? They were weak due to rebellions and corruption.
What did many European states use to establish empires in Africa? Warfare and diplomacy.
What country ruled over Congo? Belgium.
Why was Belgium the worst? They over exploited the rubber trees and vines in Congo, brutally forcing the villagers to meet quotas.
The population in Congo dropped from 20 million to ___ million under the colonial rule of Belgium. 8.5
Britain settled what colonies? South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand.
Who first settled South Africa? The Dutch, in the 1600s.
In the 1800s, who came to South Africa? The British, they fought in the Boer War, they won, and took over.
The British made South Africa a colony, and forced the natives to do what? Work in the mines, mining those blood diamonds.
What is one example of economic imperialism? The Opium Wars.
The expansion of U.S and European influence over Tokugawa Japan led to what? The emergence of Meiji Japan.
How did the United States and Russia emulate European transoceanic imperialism? Expanding their land borders and conquering neighboring territories.
After the Spanish-American War, who ruled over the Philippines? The US.
What Asian country stayed independent? Siam (Thailand).
Why did Thailand stay independent? Their king negotiated with England and France to be a buffer between those two countries.
When did the Unification of Italy take place? The 1840s.
Under what king were the small Italian states brought together under? Victor Emmanuel.
When did the Unification of Germany take place? The 1860s.
Why did Germany unite? To fight in the France-Prussian.
What facilitated and justified imperialism? New racial ideologies, especially Social Darwinism.
What did Social Darwinist's believe? Some races weren't fit to survive.
Created by: 1213RachelBlair
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