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Cult. ANTH
Chapter 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| economic anthropology | subdiscipline of anthropology that focuses on subsistence strategies and economic systems |
| subsistence patterns | methods of obtaining food using available land and resources, available labor and energy, and technology |
| foragers | peoples whose subsistence pattern is hunting and gathering |
| food producers | users of a subsistence strategy that transforms and managers the environment to obtain food |
| pastoralism | a subsistence strategy focusing on raising and caring for large herds of domesticated animals |
| horticulture | a subsistence strategy that focuses on small- scale farming using a relatively simple technology |
| agriculture | a subsistence strategy focusing on intensive farming, investing a great deal of time, energy, and technology |
| carrying capacity | the number of people who can be sustained by the resources and environment in which they live |
| settlement pattern | - the way people distribute themselves in their environment, including where they locate their dwellings into settlements, and how permanent or transitory those settlements are |
| redistribution | the gathering together and then reallocation of food and resources to ensure everyone's survival |
| leveling mechanisms | cultural practices designed to equalize access to food, resources, and social prestige through a community so that no one individual can amass greater wealth or greater prestige than other people |
| optimal foraging theory (OFT) | application of animal studies and decision theory to human foraging |
| transhumance | the practice among pastoralists of moving to new pastureland on a seasonal basis |
| surplus | food and other goods that are produced at a level greater than that needed for survival |
| sedentary communities | settlement pattern involving long-term, permanent settlements |
| slash-and-burn(swidden)cultivation | a farming technique for preparing new fields by cutting down trees and bushes and then burning them to clear the land and enrich the soil with nutrients |
| intensive agriculture | application of technology and intensive labor to farming, such as the plow and irrigation |
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RyeLynn
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