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-Aural Rehab chp 5&6
foundation of aural rehab-speech reading
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lip reading and speechreading are similar in that both rely on what? | visual signals and the talkers face |
| Speechreading utilizes multimodal input, combining signals from which two modes? | auditory/visual and expressions/gestures |
| Does lipreading or speechreading include information regarding setting? | speechreading |
| What procedure is a noninvasive means of mapping brain activity? | fMRI |
| How does evidence from brain mapping substantiate hearing peoples reliance on speech reading? | The auditory cortex becomes activated |
| Which investigator cited for providing a review of the activation of the auditory cortex? | cambell |
| How does knowing a persons degree of hearing loss allow you to make a prognosis on whether the individual will rely more or less on visual info for communication? | speechreading requires some auditory cues |
| The net interpretation of many studies designed to determine what factors are predictive of a persons lipreading support some evidence favoring which contributors? (name 5) | visual word decoding, working memory, lexical identification speed, phonological processing, verbal influence making |
| Is there a gender bias for lipreading proficiency? | No |
| Is there an age bias for lipreading proficiency? | Yes: young adults lipread better than the elderly |
| What factors have been noted as possible constraints on children's lipreading proficiency? | linguistic and word knowledge |
| What percentage of english speech sounds did woodward and barber estimate were not readily seen on the speakers mouth by the viewer? | 60% |
| Factors that influence difficulty in lip reading (name 5) | variability of sounds, rapidity of speech, co-articulation, visemes and homophones and talker effects |
| Less visible consonants? What are they? | biblical closure /k, g, t, n/ |
| Why are vowels acoustically salient to people with hearing loss? | intense, slow changing, and long |
| What is the range of normal rate of speech cited in the text (words per minute and syllables per second) | 150-250 words per minute, 4-7 syllables per sec |
| Define Visemes: | sounds are identical on the lips /p,m,b/ |
| Define Homophones: | words are identical on the mouth |
| McGurk Effect: (hint:audiovisual integration) | info from the auditory and visual signal combine to form a unified percept. |
| What viewing angle is best for the speechreaders word recognition? | frontal |
| WHat are three components of favorable seating? | close, full face, well lit |
| What is a good distance for speechreading? | 1-10 meters away |
| What does an oral interpreter do? | Sits in view of deaf and slowly repeats what talker is saying. (cant share, cant change meanings, cant have opinion) |
| Who are candidates for speechreading? | children adults who recently lost hearing |
| Bruhns method: Define the mueller walle: | Rapid syllable drill/sentence context cues |
| What logic underlying many current speechreading curricula: | sound identification, recognize gist of sentences (auditory/visual) |
| Which consonant feature is recommended to be varies most in establishing analytic speechreading training proficiency? | consonant recognition |
| In synthetic speechreading training an early task is: | repeat each sentence |
| Holistic Approach: (how is metaawareness of why speechreading, self advocacy and evaluation of various settings important? Who does the evaluation? Whats the setting?) | Includes child in setting goals, real life vs. drills, self and clinician evaluations |
| Three first objectives in discriminating word pairs for consonant analytic speechreading: | 1. consonant pairs differ in place of production and share voice or manner 2. place/production different manner/voice 3. share place manner or voice |
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