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The Digestive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| an/o- | anus |
| bar/o- | pressure, weight |
| chol/e- | bile, gall |
| cholecyst/o- | gall bladder |
| col/o- | colon |
| colon/o- | colon |
| dent/i- | tooth |
| duoden/o- | duodenum |
| enter/o- | small intestines |
| esophag/o- | esophagus |
| gastr/o- | stomach |
| gloss/o- | tongue |
| hepat/o- | liver |
| ile/o- | ileum |
| jejun/o- | jejunum |
| lingu/o- | tongue |
| lith/o- | stone, calculus |
| or/o- | mouth |
| pancreat/o- | pancreas |
| phag/o- | eat |
| proct/o- | anus and rectum |
| rect/o- | rectum |
| sigmoid/o- | sigmoid colon |
| stomat/o- | mouth |
| -emesis | vomitting |
| -lithiasis | presence of stones |
| -pepsia | digestion |
| -phagia | swallowing |
| aerophagia | swallowing of air, sometimes due to nervousness or anxiety. |
| amebic dysentery | a type of dysentery caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, characterized especially by ulceration of the large intestine. |
| anastomosis | communication between blood vessels by means of collateral channels, especially when usual routes are obstructed |
| anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder primarily affecting adolescent girls and young women, characterized by pathological fear of becoming fat, distorted body image, excessive dieting, and emaciation. |
| antiemetic | of or pertaining to a substance that is useful in the suppression of nausea or vomiting. |
| aphthous ulcers | An aphthous ulcer (aka canker sore ) is a type of oral ulcer which presents as a painful open sore inside the mouth or upper throat, caused by a break in the mucous membrane |
| ascites | accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity; dropsy of the peritoneum. |
| bariatrics | a branch of medicine that deals with the control and treatment of obesity and allied diseases. |
| borborygmus | a rumbling or gurgling sound caused by the movement of gas in the intestines. |
| botulism | a sometimes fatal disease of the nervous system acquired from spoiled foods in which botulin is present, especially improperly canned or marinated foods. |
| bulimia nervosa | Also called hyperphagia. Pathology . abnormally voracious appetite or unnaturally constant hunger. |
| cachexia | general ill health with emaciation, usually occurring in association with cancer or a chronic infectious disease. |
| cheilosis | A disorder of the lips often due to riboflavin deficiency and other B-complex vitamin deficiencies and characterized by fissures, especially in the corners of the mouth. |
| cholangiography | x-ray examination of the bile ducts using a radiopaque contrast medium. |
| cholangitis | Inflammation of a bile duct. |
| choledocholithotomy | Incision of the common bile duct for the extraction of an impacted gallstone. |
| cholelithiasis | The presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts. |
| cholera | an acute, infectious disease, endemic in India and China and occasionally epidemic elsewhere, characterized by profuse diarrhea, vomiting, cramps, etc. |
| cirrhosis | a disease of the liver characterized by increase of connective tissue and alteration in gross and microscopic makeup. |
| colonoscopy | visual inspection of the interior of the colon with a flexible, lighted tube inserted through the rectum. |
| Crohn's disease | a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes scarring and thickening of the intestinal walls and frequently leads to obstruction. |
| diverticulitis | inflammation of one or more diverticula, characterized by abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel movements. |
| diverticulosis | the presence of saclike herniations of the mucosal layer of the colon through the muscular wall, common among older persons and usually producing no symptoms except occasional rectal bleeding. |
| dyspepsia | deranged or impaired digestion; indigestion |
| dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing. |
| emesis | the technical name for vomiting |
| enteritis | inflammation of the intestines, especially the small intestine. |
| eructation | to raise (gas and often a small quantity of acid) from the stomach; belch |
| esophageal varices | Longitudinal, superficial venous varices at the lower end of the esophagus that are prone to ulceration and massive bleeding. |
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy | a diagnostic endoscopic procedure that visualizes the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract up to the duodenum. |
| gastroduodenostomy | the making of a new passage between the stomach and the duodenum |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease | a chronic condition in which acid from the stomach flows back into the lower esophagus, causing pain or tissue damage. |
| gastrostomy tube | A feeding tube is a medical device used to provide nutrition to patients who cannot obtain nutrition by swallowing. |
| hematemesis | The vomiting of blood. |
| Hemoccult test | A qualitative test for hidden blood in the stool, based upon detecting the peroxidase activity of hemoglobin. |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver, caused by a virus or a toxin and characterized by jaundice, liver enlargement, and fever. |
| herpes labialis | a technical name for cold sore |
| hiatal hernia | an abnormal condition in which part of the stomach protrudes upward through the esophageal cleft in the diaphragm, sometimes causing a backflow of acid stomach contents into the esophagus. |
| hyperemesis | severe and excessive vomiting. |
| ileus | intestinal obstruction characterized by lack of peristalsis and leading to severe colicky pain and vomiting. |
| inguinal hernia | a common type of hernia in which a loop of the intestine protrudes directly through a weak area of the abdominal wall in the groin region. |
| jaundice | yellow discoloration of the skin, whites of the eyes, etc., due to an increase of bile pigments in the blood, often symptomatic of certain diseases, as hepatitis. |
| melena | the discharge of black, tarry, bloody stools, usually resulting from a hemorrhage in the alimentary tract. |
| morbid obesity | a state of overweight so great that it prevents normal activity or bodily function and will likely cause a serious or life-threatening disorder |
| nasogastric intubation | medical process involving the insertion of a plastic tube (nasogastric tube or NG tube) through the nose, past the throat, and down into the stomach. |
| obesity | the condition of being very fat or overweight |
| periodontium | Tissues that surround and support the teeth Get more discussion results |
| peristalsis | the progressive wave of contraction and relaxation of a tubular muscular system, especially the alimentary canal, by which the contents are forced through the system. |
| proctopexy | Surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum. |
| regurgitation | voluntary or involuntary return of partly digested food from the stomach to the mouth. |
| salmonellosis | a kind of food poisoning caused by eating foods contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium. |
| sigmoidoscopy | an examination by means of a sigmoidoscope. |
| trismus | Spasm of the jaw muscles, causing the mouth to remain tightly closed, typically as a symptom of tetanus. |
| ulcerative colitis | chronic ulceration in the large intestine, characterized by painful abdominal cramps and profuse diarrhea containing pus, blood, and mucus. |
| volvulus | a torsion, or twisting, of the intestine, causing intestinal obstruction. |
| xerostomia | dryness of the mouth caused by diminished function of the salivary glands due to aging, disease, drug reaction, etc. |
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