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AP GEO CH 10
Adams HCHS AP Human Geo. Rubenstein Ch 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adolescent fertility rate | The number of births per 1,000 women ages 15-19. |
| Developed country | A country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development. |
| Developing country | A country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of development. |
| development | A process of improvement in the conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology. |
| fair trade | A variation of international trade that greater equity to workers, and consumers, focusing primarily on products exported from developing countries to developed countries. |
| Female labor force participation rate | The percentage of women holding full-time jobs outside the home. |
| Foreign direct investment (FDI) | Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country. |
| Gender Development Index (GDI) | An indicator constructed by the U.N. to measure the gender gap in the level of achievement in terms of income, education, and life expectancy. |
| Gender Inequality Index (GII) | An indicator constructed by the U.N. to measure to measure the extent of each country’s gender inequality in terms of reproductive health, empowerment, and the labor market. |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, not accounting for money that leaves and enters the country. |
| Gross National Income (GNI) | The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country. |
| Human Development Index (HDI) | An indicator constructed by the U.N. to the level of development for a country through a combination of income, education, and life expectancy. |
| literacy rate | Percentage of a country’s people who can read and write. |
| Microfinance | Provision of small loans and other financial services to individuals and small businesses in developing countries. |
| Millennium Development Goals | Eight goals adopted by the U.N. in 2002 to reduce disparities between developed and developing countries by 2015. |
| primary sector | Portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth, generally through agriculture. |
| Productivity | The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it. |
| Purchasing power parity (PPP) | The amount of money needed in one country to purchase the same goods and services in another country. |
| quaternary services | Service industries including or related to transportation, telecommunications, real estate, insurance, finance, and management. |
| quinary services | Service industries such as research, education, and engineering that facilitate the creation of innovations through the production of new knowledge and skills. |
| secondary sector | The portion of the economy concerned manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials. |
| structural adjustment program | Economic policies imposed on LDCs by international agencies to create conditions that encourage international trade. |
| Sustainable Development Goals | Seventeen goals adopted by the U.N. in 2015 to reduce disparities between developed and developing countries by 2030. |
| tertiary sector | The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment. |
| World-systems theory | Theory developed by Immanuel Wallerstein that in an increasingly unified world economy developed countries form an inner core area whereas developing countries are found on the periphery and semi-periphery. |