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Pub Holistic Health

Lecture 4

QuestionAnswer
stress and stressors any stimulus that produces a stress response that disrupts or challenges homeostasis, physiological effects,
stressor eustress,distress,acute stress,chronic stress
what is stress stress or stressor, stress response
eustress productive stress that helps us meet certain challenges, stress of a job promotion and meeting new challenges
distress harmful stress, car accident,fight with a spouse
acute stress sudden onset usually severe
chronic stress stress that lasts over a prolonged period of time, and may not be as severe or intense as the acute type
physiological effects of stress stressors stimulate the hypothalamus, a portion of the brain that controls the nervous system and endocrine system
types of stressors physical and psychological, may be acute or chronic,positive or negative,minor or major,do not universally cause stress response
hypothalamus first thing when stress hits body, portion of the brain that controls the nervous system and endocrine system
physical stressors surgery,poison,starvation,dehydration,exercise
psychological stressors anxiety,helplessness,feeling a loss of control
stressors not universally cause stress response depends on perception of individual experiencing the stressor, i.e. exams
stress response physiological and/or behavioral adaptation designed to re-establish homeostasis or to correct imbalance. mediated by two systems,GAS,behavioral adaptations
homeostatic mechanisms attempt to counteract the everday stresses of living.the internal environment remains within normal physiological limits of chemistry, temperature,and pressure, if stress extreme,unusual, last too long may not produce sufficient results
stress response mediated by two systems nervous system. endocrine system
nervous system first and quickest to react to a stress
endocrine system second and longer reaction to a stress
GAS general adaptation syndrome,response to stress that prepares the body to meet an emergency, all controlled mainly by the hypothalamus
NS neurotransmitters norepinephrine, epinephrine
alarm reaction alarm reaction(flight or fight response), SNS or ANS and adrenal medulla of kidney.non-essential function inhibited,body physically and mentally gears up for battle or energizes to escape the threat.immediate reaction short lived
non-essential body functions inhibited digestive,urinary,and reproductive activities inhibited
resistance reaction longer -lasting, mediated by hormones released by hypothalamus,
GAS three stages alarm reaction, resistance reaction,exhaustion stage
NS response fight or flight,inc cal burn, inc energy, inc HR,pupils dialate,inc respiration
hypothalamus tells pituitary gland to release ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone or corticotropin)
mediated hormones released by hypothalamus ACTH,Glucocorticoids,mineralocorticoids
ACTH activates the adrenal glands to secrete its hormones, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
glucocorticoids stress hormones cortisol
mineralocorticoids raise BP,aldesterone
thyroid hormones resistance reaction,T3 and T4,inc metabolic rate to make ATP
growth hormone inhibited in resistance reaction
gonadotropins sex hormones inhibited in resistance reaction
exhaustion stage phase where the body can no longer sustained the workload of the alarm and reaction phases.occurs if stress is not eliminated or a heightened state of readiness exists.at this point illness and possible death may occur
behavioral adaptation coping mechanisms,excessive eating,drinking and smoking would be examples.may also be causes of stress
stress and the immune system ANS, effects of high levels of glucocorticoids
ANS lymphoid organs innervated by ANS,also innervates the leukocytes(WBC) via the neurotransmitters,epinephrine,norepinephrine and acetylcholine.effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on immune system
Leukocyte neurotransmitters leukocytes have receptors for neurotransmitters
Created by: mloft
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