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11. 6 Cardio Terms
Terms, diseases and conditions of the cardiovascular system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block) | Failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle. |
| flutter | Rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria. |
| fibrilation | Rapid, random, innefficient, and irregular contractions of the atia and ventricles (350 or more beats per minute). |
| congenital heart disease | Abnormalities in the heart at birth. |
| coarctation of the aorta | Narrowing (coarctation) of the aorta. |
| patent ductus arteriosus | A duct (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which normally closes soon after birth, remains open. |
| septal defects | Small holes in the septa between the atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles (ventricular septal defects). |
| tetralogy of Fallot | A congenital malformation of the heart involving four (tetra-) distinct defects. |
| congestive heart failure (CHF) | The heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood (more blood enters the heart from veins than leaves through the arteries). |
| coronary artery disease (CAD) | Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart. |
| endocarditis | Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart caused by bacteria (bacterial endocarditis). |
| hypertensive heart disease | High blood pressure affecting the heart. |
| mitral valve prolapse | Improper closure of the mitral valve. |
| murmur | An extra heart sound, heard between normal beats. |
| pericarditis | Inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart. |
| rheumatic heart disease | Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever. |
| aneurysm | Local widening of an arteriole wall. |
| deep vein thrombosis | A blood clot forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb. |
| hypertension | High blood pressure. |
| peripheral vascular disease | Blockage of blood vessels outside the heart. |
| Raynaud disease | Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes. |
| varicose veins | Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occuring in the legs. |
| BNP test | Measurement of BNP (brain natriuretic peptide)in blood. |
| lipid tests | Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a blood sample. |
| lipoprotein electrophoresis | Lipoprpteins (combinations of fat and protein) are physically seperated in a blood sample. |
| serum enzyme tests | Chemicals measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack. |
| angiography | X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material |
| computerized tomography angiography | Three dimensional x-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography. |
| digital subtraction angiography | Video equipment and a computer pfroduce x-ray images of blood vessels. |
| electron beam computed tomography | Electron beams and CT identify calcium and deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early CAD. |
| doppler ultrasound studies | Sound waves measure movement of blood flow. |
| echocaardiography | Echoes generated by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart. |
| positron emission tomography | Images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive substances. |
| technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan | Technetium Tc99m sestamibi injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning. |
| thallium 201 scan | Concentration of a radioactive substance is measured in the myocardium. |
| cardiac MRI | Images of the heart are produced with magnetic waves. |
| cardiac catheterization | A thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or artery. |
| electrocardiography (ECG) | Recording of the electricity flowing through the heart. |
| Holter monitoring | An ECG device is worn during a 24-hour period to detect. Cardiac arrhythmias. |
| stress test | Exercise tolerance test (ETT) determines the heart's response to physical exertion. |
| cardio diversion (defibrillation) | Very brief discharges of electricity, applied across the chest to stop arrhythmias. |
| coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) | Arteries and veins are anastomed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages. |
| endartectomy | Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery. |
| extracorporeal circulation | A heart-lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs while the heart in repaired. |
| heart transplantation | A donor heart is transferred to a recipient. |
| percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) | A balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place. |
| thrombolytic therapy | Drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis. |
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vikingmedterm
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