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Endocrine Terms
Terminology of the Endocrine System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hyperthyroidism | Over activity of the thyroid gland; thyrotoxicosis |
| Hypothyroidism | Under activity of the. Thyroid gland |
| Thyroid carcinoma | Cancer of the thyroid gland |
| Hyperparathyroidism | Excessive production of parathormone |
| Hypoparathyroidism | Deficient production of parathyroid hormone |
| Adrenal virilism | Excessive production of adrenal androgens |
| Cushing syndrome | Group of symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex |
| Addison disease | Hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex |
| Pheochromocytoma | Benign tumor of the adrenal medulla (cancer cells stain a dark or dusky [phe/o] color [chrom/o] |
| Hyperinsulinism | Excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia |
| Diabetes mellitus | Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells |
| Acromegaly | Enlargement of the extremities caused by hypersecretion of the anterior pituitary after puberty |
| Gigantism | Hypersecretion of growth hormone from anterior lobe of the pituitary gland before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues |
| Dwarfism | Congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone; hypopituitary dwarfism |
| Panhypopituitarism | All pituitary hormones are deficient |
| Syndrome of inappropriate ADH | Excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone |
| Diabetes insipudus | Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) |
| Fasting blood sugar | Measures circulating glucose level in a patient who has fasted at least 4 hours |
| Serum and urine tests | Measurement of hormone, electrolytes, glucose, and othe substances in serum (blood) and urine as indicators of endocrine function |
| Thyroid function tests | Measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in the bloodstream |
| Exopthalmometry | Measurement of eyeball protrusions with an exopthalmometer |
| Computed tomography scan | X-ray imaging of endocrine glands in cross section, to asses size and infiltration by tumor |
| Magnetic resonance imaging | Magnetic and radiofrequency pulses produce images of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to locate abnormalities |
| Radioactive iodine uptake scan | Radioactive iodine is administered orally, and its uptake by the thyroid gland is imaged to asses thyroid functions |
| Thyroid scan | A scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland after intravenous administration of a radioactive compound |
| Ultrasound examination | Sound waves show images of endocrine organs |
Created by:
vikingmedterm
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