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MrB Chapter 10
Chapter 10: Islam
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Islam | > followers are called Muslims > Emerged in the Arabian Peninsula > monotheistic |
Quran | text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God |
Muhammad | religious political and military leader from Mecca who unified Arabia into a single religious polity |
Allah | one true Muslim God |
Kaaba | temple that Muhammad believed Abraham had built to worship the one true God |
Mosque | a house of worship |
Hijra | Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Medina in 622 where he destroyed the idols in the Kaaba |
Ramadan | holy month where Muhammad received his first revelation from Allah |
Polity | a form of civil government or constitution |
verbatim | same words that were used originally |
monotheistic | belief of one God |
Five Pillars of Islam | >five basic duties -declaration -prayer -charity -fasting -pilgrimage |
jihad | holy war to defend Islam and the Muslim community |
Osama Binladen | called a jihad on September 11, 2001 in result of the Israel defeat of Arab countries in 1967 and their later modernization |
Stoning | the act of capital punishment by stones that is still legal in several Muslim countries |
Sharia Law | this law unites Muslims under a common legal framework in all aspects of their life |
Sunni and Shiite split | the Shiite believed that the true successors of Muhammad are his descendants. However, the Sunni believed that only good Muslims could lead the tribe |
Dome of the Rock | oldest surviving Islamic building |
Caliphs | successors to Muhammad |
Umayyad Caliphate | a dynasty of Sunni caliphs that ruled the Muslim empire |
Abbasids | dynasty founded by Abu al-Abbas |
Sultan | a Seljuk ruler |