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Enlightenment
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Scientific Revolution | a shift in thinking about the study of the natural world that began in the 1500s and departed from traditional teachings |
heliocentric theory | the idea that the sun is the center of the solar system, with Earth and the other planets revolving around it |
geocentric theory | the idea that the Earth is the center of the solar system, with the sun and other planets revolving around it |
scientific method | a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific assumptions |
rationalism | belief in reason and logic as the primary source of knowledge |
Enlightenment | an intellectual movemement of the 18th century that applied to scientific methods to the study of society and government |
salon | in France, an informal meeting of philosophers during the Enlightenment |
philosopher | a scholar or thinker |
constitutional monarchy | a form of government in which the monarch's power is limited by a basic set of laws, or constution |
social contract | an agreement in which people give power to a government in return for its protections |
natural rights | rights that belong to people "by nature" simply because they are human |
separation of powers | the division of powers among branches of government |
despotism | rule by a despot, or a tyrant |
oppression | cruel or unjust treatment |
tolerance | the acceptance of different beliefs and customs |
capital punishment | punishment by death; also called the death penalty |
individual rights | the privileges of people in a society |
bill of rights | a list of basic human rights that a government must protect |