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Anthro 100 MT 1 uofr
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is Anthropology | The study of people, their origins, developments, contemporary examples. Whenever and wherever. Study of Human Behaviour. Holistic approach. |
| 5 sub fields of Anthropology | Physical/Behavioural, Archaeology, Linguistic, Socio-Cultural, Applied Anthropology |
| Physical/Behavioural Anthropology | Viewed as being 1 organism on Earth. Forensic Anthropology |
| Archaeology | History. Making inferences through dig sites. Study of material remains |
| Linguistic | Link between language and culture are explored |
| Socio-Cultural | Differences and similarities between societies and cultures |
| Applied Anthropology | Applying the other 4 categories to real world problems |
| What is culture? | A system of knowledge shared by a group of individuals. A learned set of ideas and behaviours |
| Ethnocentrism | The tendency to judge the beliefs and behaviours of other cultures from the perspective of one's own culture. |
| Ethnocentrism Fallacy | The mistaken notion that the beliefs and behaviours of other cultures can be judged from the perspective of one's own culture |
| Relativism | Holds that no behaviour or belief can be judged to be odd or wrong simply because it is different from our own |
| Relativistic fallacy | The idea that it is impossible to make moral judgements about beliefs and behaviours of others |
| Anthropology in practice | Classrooms - factory understanding. Shopping mall - Space is essential to retail, time control |
| Tims vs Starbucks | Two different messages being promoted. Community vs global |
| Thin description | Twitch of an eye, the physical movement |
| Thick description | In addition to a description of the physical movement you also need to describe how it is interpreted by the person making the movement and its audience. What meaning does it have? |
| Holistic | A view of the self in which the individual cannot be conceived of as existing separately from society or apart from his or her status role |
| Balinese Cock Fight vs Hockey Game | |
| Edward Tylor(1832 - 1917) Quote | Culture of civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by a man as a member of a society. |
| Edward Tylor | believed in the evolution of cultures |
| Uniformitarianism | Culture or civilization consists of knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, customs and other mental constructs; since human mental processes are universal, human societies have developed culture along "near uniform channels', characterized by progress and |
| Survivals | Processes, customs,and so forth, which have been carried by force of habit into a new state of society different from that in which they had their original home and remained as proofs and examples of an older condition of culture out of a newer one |
| Franz Boaz(1858-1942) | suggested that instead of placing things in this line of evolutionary progress we should take things as we find them. take in context. Relativistic approach |
| Slash-and-burn/swidden | a civliztion in which forests are cleared byburning trees crops are planted among newlycleared land. A fairly effective form of agriculture but requirespwnship/control of large sections of land. As land pressure increases thisform of agriculture decreases |
| Horticulturalists | Acquire sustenance from slash-and-burn agriculture withmixed livestock herding |
| States | Acquire sustenance from plow or irrigation agriculture. Characterized by hierarchical rankings and centralized political control. nuclear family becomes dominant and intergenerational dependence is fosteredand built on inheritance |
| Franz Boaz on Race | stated in the early 1900's that race does not exist in biology and that it is a social construct and that there are more variations between people in the white race than between the black race and the white race. |
| Hunter and Gathers | Are the common ancestor of us all. Acquire sustenance from hunting, gathering, and fishing. Composed of small family groups in which there are limitedstatus distinctions. Often egalitarian. Informally organized |
| Sedentary | the style of living characterized by permanent orsemi-permanent settlements |
| Horticulturalists Social structure | emphasis on extended family. due to rigid politcs and sedentary life allows them to maintain and aquire more property. Distribution of wealth/property is based on extended family |
| Lewis Henry Morgan | Morgan proposed a theory of human development in which hesuggested thatall humansocieties/culture developed through three stages: savagery, barbarism, and civilization. move tonext through new technology. Economics/technologyare decisive in shapeofoutcome |
| Ethnography | The cultural study of a single cultural group often the written description of that particular culture. |
| Etic | An outsider's perspective; usualy in cross- cultural perspective. |
| Patrilineage | A lineage that is formed by tracing descent in the male line. |
| Exogamy | A rule that requires a person to marry someone outside one's group. |
| Bridewealth | Valuables that a group or his family are expected or obligated to present to the brides family. |
| Polygamy | A form of marriage in which a man is permitted to have more than one wife |
| What is witchcraft used for? | It harms people. Illness and death have to be caused by something, doesn't just happen. Some witches (who don't even know) bewitch others by causing them illness. Any misfortune happens because someone bewitched them. |
| What problems does it solve? | Answers peoples question to find out whether someone is going to die. Can tell if someone is lying about adultery, why a hunt fails, etc. |
| MANGU | another term for witchcraft. |
| Leslie White | Saw technology as driving force in cultural evolution. Theorized we were motivated to harness energy through technology to transform it into things required for survival. Cultural development varies directly with efficiency of tools employed. |
| Leslie White 2 | Goods produced by expenditure of energy will be proportional to the efficiency of technology being used |
| Arturo Escobar | |
| Social theory of illness | social tensions or a breaking of social norms is the reason for the illness. |
| Interpersonal theory of disease (stands as an alternative to the biomedical system): | The assumption that illness is not cause by microorganisms but by tensions or conflicts in social relations. |
| Mark Cohen | population density was a cause of foraging populations moving to agriculture. |
| Malawi | if someone falls sick people wonder what they did wrong. Illness, disease and death |
| segmentary social systems | organization of groups into smaller units and become embedded in larger units.. |
| ethnographic method | immersion of the investigator in the lives of the people the person is trying to understand, and through experience attain some meaning of some level of understanding of the meanings these people attribute to theit existence |
| participant observation | the active participation in the lives of his or her subjects |
Created by:
davidvachon1
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