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BMMS Rome Ch. 11
BMMS Rome Ch. 11 Nat Geo
| Rome Ch. 11 | Definition |
|---|---|
| Romulus | a legendary hero said to have founded Rome |
| legend | a popular story from early times that cannot be proved |
| Aeneas | a hero of the Trojan War, who settled in Italy |
| Remus | twin brother of Romulus |
| republic | a government in which people elect their leaders |
| peninsula | a body of land surrounded by water on three sides |
| patrician | class of people made up of wealthy landowners and government officials |
| plebeian | class of mostly common farmers |
| consul | one pair of elected officials who headed ancient Rome's executive branch and commanded the army |
| Cincinnatus | a dictator chosen by the consuls to defend Rome from attack in 458B.C. He gave his power up after one day. |
| tripartite government | a type of government that has three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial |
| veto | to overrule |
| Punic Wars | a series of three long wars Rome fought against Carthage |
| civil war | an armed conflict between groups within the same country |
| Julius Caesar | a Roman general who was appointed dictator for life in 44B.C. and then was assassinated |
| Augustus(Octavian) | the first emperor of the Roman Empire in 27 B.C. |
| Pax Romana | a period of Roman peace and stability that lasted 200 years |
| SPQR | the call letters of the Roman Republic, it is Latin for the Senate and People of Rome |
| aqueduct | a channel or pipe that carries water from a spring, stream, or lake into towns |
| Colosseum | a large arena in Rome where gladiators fought |
| gladiator | a trained warrior who engaged in combat to the death to entertain the public |
| Hannibal | a general and leader of Carthage during the Punic Wars |
| Scipio | a Roman general during the Punic Wars, he defeated Hannibal |
| Twelve Tables | a written constitution passed by the patricians in 450B.C. , it established basic rights and duties for Roman citizens |
| civic duty | duties that are people are expected to perform to serve their nation,. Americans show civic duty by paying taxes, voting, and taking part in jury duty |
| Etruscans | a tribe from Northern Italy who ruled as kings over the Romans for 66 years |
| assassinate | to murder for political reasons |
| Gaul | modern day France |
| Carthage | city-sate in N. Africa which Rome fought in the Punic Wars |
| Latins | people who lived on the Latium plain |
| Circus Maximus | a large oval stadium used for chariot racing |
| dictator | a person invested with supreme authority during a crisis, the regular magistracy being subordinated to him until the crisis was met. |
| mosaic | a picture or decoration made of small, usually colored pieces of inlaid stone, glass, etc. |
| Cicero | a Roman consul who was a great speaker |
| senate | a powerful branch of the Roman government made up of 300 patrician men who served for life |
| latifundia | Large farm estates in Rome owned by wealthy patricians. (Latin: lātus, "spacious" + fundus, "farm, estate") |
| toga | cloth of perhaps 20 ft in length which was wrapped around the body and was generally worn over a tunic. |
| augur | a religious official and priest who observed natural signs, especially the behavior of birds, interpreting these as an indication of divine approval or disapproval of a proposed action. |
| legionary | a professional Roman soldier |
| arch | a usually curved part of a structure that is over an opening and that supports a wall or other weight above the opening |
| amphitheater | an oval or circular building with rising tiers of seats ranged about an open space and used in ancient Rome especially for contests and spectacles |
| facses | bundle of rods bound around an ax, symbol of Roman authority |
| paterfamilias | the male head of a family or household. |
| census | the official count of a population every 10 years |
| patriarchy | a form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line |
| pantheon | all the gods of a religion |
| Seven Hills | Rome was founded over these; These helped to protect the city from attack. |
| First Triumvirate | 60 BCE, unofficial coalition between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus |
| Ides of March | March 15, 44 BC the day Caesar was murdered |
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