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Unit 5

1750-1914

Question	Answer
During the modern age, where did the strongest absolute monarchies exist?	France
How did the Revolution affect people and their beliefs?	Christians learned they could be a scientist and a Christian as well.
What did the Revolution end?	Slavery, but former slaves were not embraced into society.
The French Revolution was pretty..	sick yo. Lots of heads chopped off.
During the modern age, what was Japan doing?	They ended their isolation from the outside world.
Politically, what made the modern age?	They strayed away from monarchies and leaned toward greater political representation.
Economically, what made the modern age?	They became way more industrialized and shifted from mercantilism/feudalism to capitalism.
During the modern age, what peoples lost power?	Aristocrats.
What are aristocrats?	People who derived power from noble birth.
How was elite status obtained in the modern age?	Wealth.
What classes expanded during the modern age?	The middle and industrial working classes.
Modern societies became...	urbanized.
What growth accelerated during the modern age?	Population growth.
Culturally, what made the modern age?	Scientific and secular views became more prominent.
During the 19th century, what country was experiencing the peak of its power?	Europe.
What country replaced England's spot as a super power in the 20th century?	USA! USA! USA!
What war sped up the process of European decline?	World War I
What is absolutism?	A monarch that has total power.
West Europe had foreign __________.	colonies
Did one civilization ever truly dominate the world?	Not really but Europe got close.
What was imperialism?	Making empires.
What was imperialism linked to?	Warfare, racial prejudice, economic exploitation, and slavery.
Imperialism still has harmful effects in what countries?	Africa, Latin America, and Asia.
How did industrialization change the world?	It changed how the world made goods and did business.
What was industrialization?	A move towards factories and commercial culture.
What led to the first world war?	Political changes in Europe.
What two countries became unified during the modern age?	Germany and Italy.
During the modern age, we saw an end to what type of government?	Absolutism.
When did the Western Hemisphere free themselves from European control?	The early 19th century.
Where did the imperialists turn to after the Western Hemisphere?	Africa and Asia.
What is Nationalism?	"Love you country, not a specific leader."
What did nationalism spark?	Rebellions, independence movements, and unification movements.
What is Eugenics/Ethnocentrism?	Ideological explanations for racial superiority.
What did Social Darwinists do?	They applied the theory of natural selection to sociology.
What did Social Darwinists believe?	That dominant races rose to the top due to "survival of the fittest" and that Britain was at the top.
What is the "White Man's Burden"?	That Europeans have a moral obligation to teach others how to be civilized.
Who wrote the poem "White Man's Burden"?	Rudyard Kipling.
What did Europeans want everyone else to do?	Convert to Christianity and be civilized.
China aka Middle Kingdom aka "............"	"center of the world"
What did Japan believe about their position in the world?	That they were racially superior.
Europe thought they were awesome and they had what to back it up?	Great military technology.
Why did changes occur so quickly during this time period?	Faster communication.
What types of communication were being used in the modern age?	Trains, ships, telegraphs, and by 1914 there were planes and telephones.
Instead of small, independent farm plots, there were what?	Large plantations.
How were the crops grown on plantations chosen?	They were based on the needs of the industrialized West.
During the modern age, Latin American Trade...	increased significantly.
In Latin America, what crops were profitable?	Sugar, cotton, and cacao.
What increased the importance of slavery?	Plantations.
What is the Monroe Doctrine?	Britain took a larger role in receiving goods.
Since the Ottoman Empire had weakened; what had they called it?	The "sick old man of Europe".
The Ottoman Empire had revolts and no interest in _____________.	Industrialization.
Who in the Ottoman Empire carried out trade independently?	The Christians and the Jews.
What lead to reforms in the Ottoman Empire?	The threat of competition.
What were the "Tanzimat reforms"?	The young people in the Ottoman Empire tried to facilitate trade, but they were too late.
The fallen Ottoman Empire became dependent on whom?	Europe.
Qing China and the Opium Trade caused...	trade imbalance.
From 1644 to the 19th century trade benefited who?	China.
What was extremely profitable for China?	The trade imbalance caused by the Opium trade.
Who did not really like the trade imbalance in China?	Britian.
Who helped switch up the trade balance?	Indian opium.
Opium helped get what out of China?	The silver they had been hoarding for years!
After the Opium Wars, China branched out and opened up to...	Europe.
What opened Japanese ports?	The Second Perry Expedition.
What year did the Japanese ports open?	1854
Who did the Japanese trade with?	The Netherlands, Great Britian, and Russia.
During the modern age, we saw an end to what trade?	The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade.
What events helped end the Trans Atlantic Slave Trade?	Ideas of the Enlightenment, religious conviction, and slave revolts in Haiti.
What country was the first to outlaw slavery?	Britian.
Civilizations were no longer principally...	agricultural/rural.
The Industrial Revolution caused...	mass production and urbanization.
How did the Industrial Revolution change the lives of people?	It changed life in Europe and effected how people worked and where they lived.
What began in Great Britain in the mid 1700s?	The industrial revolution.
Due to new industrial jobs...	up to half the population left the farms for the cities.
What were some high yield crops?	Potatoes and corn from the New World.
What was one new technology created in the second agricultural revolution?	Chemical fertilisers.
Since there was more food available, there was an increase in __________.	Population
From 1700-1800, there was a __% growth rate.	50
Due to improved medical care, there was a Decrease in _____ ____.	death rate
Steam power includes what two sources?	Coal and water.
What source of energy fed industrial and transportation improvements?	Steam power.
To produce things faster Henry Ford created the what?	The assembly line.
Factories were placed near what source?	Water power.
What was one new invention for the textile industry?	The cotton gin.
Who created the cotton gin?	Eli Whitney.
What was Protestant work ethic?	That earthly success was a sign of personal salvation.
What were some reasons the domestic system was not as effective in this age?	Middlemen would drop off wool/cotton at home, the women would weave it into cloth and then sell the cloth to the middlemen or buyers.
Who was Adam Smith?	A philosopher, "father of capitalism".
What book did Adam Smith write?	Wealth of Nations.
What did Adam Smith believe?	That open markets should determine demand for goods and services.
What does "laissez faire" mean?	"Let them do."
What is laissez faire capitalism?	That government should remove themselves from the process of economy.
Steam power played a part in...	steam ships and railroads, electricity, and the telegraph.
What eventually overtook steam and coal as the main energy source?	Electricity.
Who were the "proletariarts"?	The working class. (Karl Marx called them this.)
Who were the Bourgeoise?	The rich/elite.
What were working conditions like during the Industrial Revolution?	Long hours: up to 14 hours a day, 6 days a week. The workers lived in disgusting, crowded living conditions.
During the Industrial Revolution we saw a rise to what class?	The working class.
What kind of jobs did members of the working class have?	They were merchants, bankers, or factory owners.
During this time period, how was social status determined?	More by wealth than family position.
Where did Industrial Revolution reforms mainly take place?	Great Britain and the United States.
Why were reform movements made more possible in Great Britain and the US?	They had democracy, a middle class, and the impact of the Enlightenment.
Why weren't reform movements made possible in Russia?	Their was an autocracy and Marxism was present.
Since countries had advanced military weapons they could...	conquer people who did not have the same technology.
Because the Industrial Revolution started in Britain, they became what?	The dominant global nation of the 19th century.
Thomas Edison invented what?	The light bulb.
During the Industrial Revolution, how did the the role of the individual change?	Man wasn't just working with the machines, he became part of the machine.
Industrial Revolution living conditions essentially lead to ________ and __________.	despair and hopelessness
How was literature created to reflect this time period?	Charles Dickens in particular wrote of the social ills of industrialization. For example, The Tale of Two Cities.
Karl Marx was a communist philosopher, who wrote what book?	Communist Manifesto
What is communism?	The government controls goods and distributes them based on need.
What is socialism?	Pretty much the same as communism except they distribute goods based on how hard you work.
The working class eventually did what?	Revolt and take control of means of production.
Karl Marx saw a flaw in what system?	Capitalism.
Who were the Luddites?	Crazy people who hated technology and destroyed factory equipment and protested working conditions/wages.
What is monoculture?	Agriculture where they only grow one crop.
Monoculture effects?	It damages the environment and slows down the economy.
The "Banana Republic" is a monoculture controlled by whom?	Aristocrats.
Changes in working conditions after 1850?	Societies received higher wages and shorter working hours.
Due to more free time, middle and lower class people could take interest in things like the _____ and ______.	theater and sports
After 1850, what were some additional employment opportunities?	Secretary, salesperson, and clerical jobs.
These addition employment opportunities could sometimes be filled by...	women! Unmarried women to be exact!
Industrial growth was measured by what resources?	Iron, coal, steel, and cotton production.
Countries such as the US, Western Germany, France, the Netherlands, and North Italy, were __________ based.	industrial based
South and East Europe were ___________ based.	agriculture
Russia was not industrial or agriculture based, they were...	just totally backwards. Bad hair day?
What increased urbanization in Japan?	Population growth.
When and where did the Meiji Restoration take place?	Japan in the second half of the 19th century.
The Meiji Restoration lead Japan to become quickly ____________.	industrialized.
Who forced change in Japan?	Commodore Matthew Perry.
What was one of the reasons Japan became more industrial?	Peer pressure from European countries. "you can quit anytime you want" "trying it once won't kill you"
The Sat-Cho Alliance fired at foreign ships and the Europeans fired back, which gave reason to overthrow whom?	The shoguns.
After the shoguns were overpowered, who received power?	Emperor Meiji, first emperor to have powe in 1000 years.
How was Latin America seen by everyone else?	A source for natural resources and markets. "you're telling me people live in South America? HA fat chance unless they look like bananas."
Latin American countries lacked _____ ______ and had to be financed by foreigners.	local capital
Industrialization in Britain. They had what?	Private entrepreneur and capitalists. Limited foreign investment.
Industrialization in Japan. They had what?	Government investment in initial states, limited foreign investment, and Zaibatsu's.
Zaibatsu?	Wealthy, banking families.
What kind of energy resources did Britain have?	Large deposits of coal for steam power and large deposits of iron.
Did Japan have any energy resources?	Nope, they had to import them.
What kind of machinery had developed in Britain?	Textile mills, steam engines, steel-making processes, and had invented new methods of powering machines.
Both Britain and Japan saw what happen due to Industrialization?	A large population growth.
What is the Enclosure Acts?	Public lands were closed off so that more people had to move into the cities. They more people that moved into the cities, the more workers they could have in the factories.
Positive societal changes in Britain due to Industrialization?	Women's suffrage and universal education.
Britain got women's suffrage and universal education, did Japan get the same?	NOPE BECAUSE YOU KNOW WHAT THE WOMEN OVER THERE WERE STILL SUBORDINATE.
Both Japan and Britain were on similar paths during the Industrial Revolution, but Japan was on the...	fast track. FAST AND FURIOUS BBY
Industrialization made European nations more...	richer, more technologically adept, and it boosted the need for science.
The cotton gin made what possible?	The textile revolution.
What did the cotton gin do?	It extracted clean cotton thread from raw cotton balls.
Where are factories built?	In areas near towns/cities; near sources of power, transportation, and workers.
Why did more people move to the cities from the country?	Poor harvests, little land, and too many people to feed.
During the Industrial Revolution what class formed?	The middle one!
Who were muckrakers?	Propaganda writers against government leaders.
During the Scientific Revolution they were...	discovering, learning, evaluating, and understanding the natural world.
During the Industrial Revolution they were...	applying the Scientific Revolution.
Industrialization increased a need for what?	Resources, markets, colonization, nationalism, and independence movements and revolutions.
Due to Enlightenment ideas, what were some changes in social thought?	More Women's Emancipation movements, an end to the slave trade, a rise of unions and laws to protect workers, and a rise of Marxism.
What were some changes in world trade?	European nations seized trading networks from local/regional control which connected them into a truly global network.
From 1800-1920, how many Europeans migrated to North/South America?	50 million
What was a push factor in Ireland that caused many to migrate to the Americas?	Famine
What was a push factor in Russia that caused many to migrate to the Americas?	AntiSemitism and pogroms.
What is Antisemitism?	People who hate Jews.
What are pogroms?	Government sponsored Jew killings.
What were some other push factors that caused people to migrate to the Americas?	Poverty, religious persecution, and joblessness.
The middle class moved away from the city to the __________.	suburbs
European settler colonies came into conflict with whom?	Natives, they also exposed them to disease.
What were Western countries reasons for outlawing slavery?	It was ethically, morally, and religiously wrong.
When did Great Britain outlaw slavery?	1807/1808
When Great Britain outlawed slavery, what did they want to do?	Outlaw it every where else. "if we can't have slaves, neither can any of you"
While Great Britain had outlawed slavery, America was still...	half slave, half free.
Eventually, what did the British do to stop West Africa's keeping of slaves?	They blockaded the shorelines and hunted down slave ships.
Economically, what were the effects the slave trade had on Africa?	They relied on the trade and relied on the importation of foreign goods (textiles, gins, alcohol.
Demographically, what were the effects the slave trade had on Africa?	Loss of population growth and the introduction to guns lead to more intertribal war.
When did foreign takeovers start in Africa?	In the 1800s. Everybody wanted a piece.
Who was Louis Pasteur?	The guy who learned to pasteurize milk and get rid of the germs.
Why was there a drop in birth rate?	Families didn't need to produce large families to serve as laborers on the farm anymore.
How did most established countries get their natural resources?	They went into poor countries and took everything. They colonized, drained the resources, and didn't compensate the natives.
Colonial powers became rich at the expensive of what?	Their colonies.
Why was their an increase in pollution?	Human sewage and smoke from coal.
What is rickets?	A disease of the bones due to a lack of sunlight.
During this time, what cities passed one million residents?	New York, London, and Paris.
Poor women who had taken care of the home/worked in the home, shifted where?	Sweatshops and factories.
Women who worked in factories had more opportunity than whom?	Middle/upper class women.
By the end of the century, most working women were...	single. "all the single ladies, all the single ladies"
Upper class women had less _________ than in the previous century.	influence
What did middle class housewives do?	Afternoon social calls, drank tea, very polite and etiquette.
What group started Women's rights/suffrage movements?	The middle class housewives.
New aristocrats, became rich how?	Industrial success.
Old Money=inheritance	New Money=I made it
Since the lower class was working together, they saw what?	The elite gained at their expense.
Where were two safe heavens for former slaves?	Sierra Leone and Liberia.
When did serfdom in Russia end?	1861
The Emancipation of 1861 in Russia set the serfs free and they were no...	longer attached to the land.
In the West, awareness of unfair and unequal treatment began to spread. What stimulated it?	Enlightenment theories and the active role of women in the American and French Revolutions.
The Industrial Revolution helped create a domestic sphere and separate __________ spheres.	working
The Cult of domesticity stressed what?	Women's place in the home.
What kinds of occupations opened up to women at this time?	Child care, teaching, domestic household work, and nursing.
What kinds of things were women wanting at this time?	Suffrage (voting rights), equal opportunity to work, equal pay, and temperance.
A handful of European nations gave women the right to what before World War 1?	Vote (go them!)
The autocracy in France had...	a standard method of ruling and an absoluteness monarch with aristocrats that control the land wealth, and political influence.
Who played some of the biggest parts in revolutions in this age?	Peasants and urban workers.
What were some major political revolutions of this time?	Latin American Independence and the end to Chinese dynastic rule.
When did Chinese dynastic rule end?	The early 20th century.
In America, what was a common theme in revolutions?	Frustration with economic exploitation.
What was John Locke's social contract?	People gave rights in exchange for the government maintaining order and the people could overthrow the government if they don't.
John Locke's social contract was inspired by whom?	Rousseau
What was the Seven Years War also called?	The French and Indian War.
The famous pamphlet, Common Sense, was written by whom?	Thomas Paine

Created by: 1213RachelBlair

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