Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit FIVE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Continuities of Unit 5? | absolutism in France |
| Since Revolutionary didn't change everything, what happened? | people learned to be scientists and Christians, slavery was outlawed |
| What were breaks of Unit 5? | French Revolution, end of Japanese Revolution |
| How did politics change? | they went toward political representation |
| What about economics? | became industrialized , shifted from mercantilism/ feudalism to capitalism |
| Since economy was no longer based on agriculture what was it based on? | on industry |
| What happened to deriving power from noble birth? | it gradually faded away |
| Where does the new elite status come from? | your wealth |
| What social classes expand? | working and middle |
| What happened to the modern societies? | they became more urbanized |
| What happened to the population? | growth accelerated |
| What was Europe like in the 19th century? | it was at the peak of its power, it was replaced by the US in 20th century |
| What speeded up European decline? | World War 1 |
| What was the end of the era? | 1914 |
| What is absolutism? | a monarch that has total power |
| When did the West major casual change begin? | in the 14000s |
| What did they begin the process with? | voyages of exploration, colonization, appropriation of world trading networks, new trading routes |
| What did Western Europe hold on to? | foreign colonies, global trade |
| What does unprecedented mean? | never before/since has one civilization truly dominated the world |
| What does imperialism? | making empires |
| What was imperialism linked to? | warfare, racial prejudice, economic exploitation, and slavery |
| Where were harmful effect still felt in? | Africa, Latin America, and Asia |
| What is industrialization? | move towards factories and commercial culture |
| What is commercial culture? | we buy what we need, not to make |
| What led to the first World War? | political changes |
| What were the political changes? | unification of Germany and Italy, end of absolute monarchies, revolutions established set of ideals that could be used in the future. |
| What two things interconnected? | Industrialization and imperialism |
| What happened to Western Hemisphere in the 19th century? | freed themselves from China |
| Where do imperialists begin turning there eyes towards? | Africa and Asia |
| What is nationalism? | love your country, not a specific leader |
| What did nationalism spark? | rebellions, independence movements, unification movements |
| What is Eugenics/Ethnocentrism? | ideological explanations for racial superiority. |
| What are social Darwinists? | applied theory of natural selection to sociology |
| How was dominant races characterized? | they rose to the top due to "survival of the fittest" |
| Who was most racially fit? | Britain, they were the superior race |
| What is White Man's Burden? | Europeans have more obligations to teach others how to be civilized |
| Who wrote the poem? | Rudyard Kipling |
| Since the Europeans knew best for everyone, what did they want people to do? | convert to Christianity and civilize in the European fashion |
| Who were the Chinese? | Middle Kingdom-center of the world |
| What did Japan think of themselves? | that they were racially superior |
| What was the difference between China, Japan and Europe? | Europe had military |
| What changes occurred quickly during this time period?c | communicated more quickly than before (trains, telephones, planes) |
| Instead of small, independent farms, what kind of farms did they have? | large plantations, crops were chosen based on needs of West |
| What happened to Latin American trade? | increased, profitable sugar, cotton & cacao plantations, increased importance of slavery |
| What is the Monroe Doctrine? | Britain takes larger role in the recipient of goods. More goods go to Latin America, Cut colonization of other European colonies |
| How did the trade with the Islamic World decrease? | Ottoman Empire weakened bc of revolts, Christains/Jews trade independently, threat of competition leads to reform |
| What are Tanzimet Reforms? | facilitated trade, but came to late, made dependent on European imports |
| What does the Suez Canal do for Egypt? | made it a significant commercial/ political power. |
| What trade benefited China? | Opium Trade |
| What was the trade in China for? | silver |
| How was the trade imbalanced? | Indian opium switches balance, now silver flows out of china |
| What happens after the Opium Wars? | China opens to Europe |
| What is spheres of influence? | areas where England can trade; there were 5 |
| What is extraterritoriality? | foreigners not subject to local laws |
| What was Russia like during this time? | backward when it came to trade and technology |
| When did Russia end serfdom? | in 1861 |
| Who was the U.S. commander with letter from the President? | the second Perry |
| What opened the Japanese ports in 1854? | the second Perry |
| What did the opening of the ports do for Japan? | they became more industrialized. trade w/Netherlands, Great Britain, and Russia |
| What ended the slave trade? | Enlightenment thought, religious conviction, state revolt in Haiti |
| Who ended the role first? | the British |
| What did the industrial revolution change? | life in Europe, how people work, where they lived, forced West to spread practices to colonies |
| When did the industrial revolution begin in Britian? | in mid 1700s |
| What did the 2nd Ag revolution do? | improved farming, half pop left farms for cities, new industrial jobs, |
| What happened to the farming? | high yield crops, new technologies (chemical fertilizers) |
| What happened to the population? | increased, more food available, 50% growth to 190 million from 1700-1800. |
| Why did the death rate decrease? | bc of improved medical care |
| Improvements of technology... | steam power, fed industrial and transportation improvements |
| What are some new methods of tech? | factory system near a water source |
| Whats an example of a factory system? | Henry Ford who used an assembly line |
| What was a new invention for textile industry? | the cotton gin |
| What did the Protestants believe was an early sign of personal salvation? | earthly success |
| How did the domestic system work? | cotton woven at home, middlemen drop off cotton/wool to women, women then sell cloth to middlemen. |
| Who was Adam Smith? | philosopher, wrote Wealth of Nations, father of capitalists |
| What did he do? | let open market determine demand for goods and services and the laissez faire capitalism (removes gov from economy) |
| What was the steam engine and electricity used for? | every economic field---electricity used for telegraphs |
| What did electricity over take? | steam and coal as an energy source |
| What did the factory system (assembly line) replace? | domestic system (putting out system, work in home for boss) |
| Who invented interchangeable parts? | Eli Whitney |
| What did Africans and Asians provide labor for? | plantations and mines |
| What are types of transportations? | locomotive, steamship, internal combustion engine, airplane |
| What is proletariat? | birth of the working place (what Karl Marx called it) |
| How did the middle class rise? | the began having merchants, bankers, and factory owners |
| What did social status begin to be determined by? | wealth rather than family position |
| How did the Reform movement begin? | aristocrats see inhumanity |
| How was the gov supposed to act? | on behalf of their workers |
| Why was the Reform more possible in Britain than in US? | had democracy, middle class and Enlightenment |
| Where was Marx more attractive at? | in Russia who had an autocracy |
| What were major consequences of the reform movement? | countries with industrial tech had advanced military weapons (able to conquer more people) countries needed access to raw materials (colonies would fit both of these) |
| Why did Britain become the dominant global nation? | because the Industrial Revolution started here. |
| When was the light bulb invented? | 1879 |
| How did the roles of the individuals change? | they became part of a machine |
| How was their labor abusive? | 16 hr workdays, children as young as 6 |
| Because of the IR what was the living conditions like? | air pollution & hazardous machinery- which led to despair and hopelessness |
| What is communism? | gov controls goods, distributes when needed |
| What is socialism? | same as comm. except it distributes based on how much you work. |
| Who was Charles Dickens? | wrote social ills of industrialization, wrote a Tale of 2 Cities |
| What did Karl Marx say the working class who do? | they would revolt and take control of production---he also saw a flaw in capitalist system |
| Who were the Luddites? | they were anti-tech, they destroyed factory equipment, protested working conditions and wages |
| When did the United States Civil War begin/end? | 1861-1871---first industrial war |
| What did monoculture(only one crop) affect? | damaged environment and retards economy |
| What was the Banana Republic? | a monoculture of bananas controlled by aristocrats |
| What were changes after 1850? | societies got higher wages, shorter working hrs-leisure activities (theatre, sports), secretaries, salespeople (filled by unmarried women), consumption led to advertising |
| What was industrial growth measured by? | iron, coal, steel, cotton |
| After Britain, who else had their IR? (in order) | US, Western Germany, France, Netherlands, N. Italy. |
| Why did those in South and East Europe lag behind? | they were still ag based |
| What did Japans pop growth do? | increased industrialization |
| What was Japans IR called? | Meiji Restoration-2nd half 19th century-quickly industrialized- |
| What did the Samurai leaders push to do? | end foreign influence- Sat Cho Alliance- fires on foreign ships- Fired back by Europe- reason to over throw shogun- Install Emperor Meiji to power |
| What about Latin countries? | seen as source for natural resource and markets-lack of local capital-financed by foreigners |
| What did Britian have? | private entrepreneurs, capitalists, limited foreign govs |
| What did Japan have? | gov invested in initial states, Zaibatsu- few wealthy banking, industrial families- developed large |
| Where did Britain get their energy from? | Large domestic deposits of coal for steam power and iron for building machinery |
| How did Japan get their energy? | they imported it from other places |
| How available was technology in Britain and Japan? | Britain-tech was developed originally Japan-had to import machinery |
| What did the pool of workers do to Britain and Japan? | Britain-doubled pop. in 1700s-5 to 9 million Japan-rapid population growth |
| What were the Enclosure Acts in Britain? | pool or labor less workers-public lands closed off so people move to cities |
| What were societal changes in Britain and Japan? | Britain-women's suffrage, universal education Japan-subordinate position of women |
| Although both Britain and Japan followed, what did Japan do? | it was on a fast forward |
| What type of corporations rose up? | industrialists like Mitsubishi family |
| What did Industrialization cause? | European nations richer-more tech adapt-boosted need for scientific knowledge to explore-new weaponry in the hands of westerners |
| What made textile revolution possible? | cotton gin-extraction of clean cotton thread from raw cotton balls |
| What 2 places went through the same process? | 18th century Britain and 20th century Nigeria |
| What did Britain and Nigeria have in common? | had factories built areas near towns/cities-built near sources of power, transportation, pool of workers |
| What did the shift of people from country side to city (urbanization) cause? | poor harvests, too little land, too many people to feed |
| What are muckrackers? | propaganda writers against gov leaders |
| Compare the Scientific Rev and the Industrial Rev... | SR- discovering, learning, evaluating, understanding the natural world IR- applying that understanding to natural ends |
| What did the increase in need for resources and markets lead to? | colonization-rise of nationalism-independence movements and revolution |
| What did an increase in urbanization lead to? | increase in social unrest-rise of nationalism-independence movements and revolutions |
| What did changes in social thought-enlightenment ideals lead to? | women's emancipation movements, end of slave trade, rise of unions & laws to protect workers, rise of Marxism, independence movements and revolutions |
| What were changes in patterns of world trade? | European nations seize trading networks from local/regional control.-connected them into a truly global network |
| What were the push factors of moving out of Europe? | Famine-Ireland, Anti-Semitism-Russia, Religious Toleration, Poverty, Joblessness |
| What is Anti-Semitism and Pogroms? | Hating Jews & gov sponsored Jew killing |
| Bc of industrialization what happened to the social classes? | Substantial numbers-especially young adults migrated from country to city life, movement of middle class away from city to the suburbs |
| What happened when the Europeans came into contact with natives? | exposed indigenous populations to disease & religious persecution |
| What was the cause of growing revulsion among Western countries? | moral, ethnical, and religious reasons |
| What was the turning point for Great Britain? | wanted to make slavery illegal in all parts which was during peace settlement following Napoleonic Wars |
| What was slavery like in America and West Africa? | half slave, half free & still kept slaves |
| Why did British ships blockade West African shorelines? | to hunt down slave ships |
| What were effects of slave trade on Africa? | rely more on slave trade, loss of pop growth, relies on importation of foreign goods (guns, textiles, alcohol) guns increased war, slump left regions open to foreign takeover in 1800s |
| When life expectancy rises so does what? | population |
| In America, why was there a drop in death rate? | bc of pasteurization (kills germs and bacteria in milk) thanks to Louis Pasteur |
| Why was there a drop in birthrate to? | families don't need to produce large families to serve as laborers on farms |
| What were the effects of the increase in population? | human sewage, coal-produced smoke, Rickets- disease of the bones-underexposure to sunlight |
| What cities finally hit 1 million? | London, Paris and New York |
| What disease were spread from being over crowded in the city? | Cholera and Tuberculosis |
| When did the working class begin to benefit? | in 1850- Industrial Revolution |
| What happened to the women? | factories/sweatshops, had more opportunities than middle/upper class women, paid less than men, most were single, they lost manufacturing jobs |
| What about the upper class women? | less influence than in previous eras |
| What were the middle class housewives? | afternoon social calls/drinking tea, Victorian Age idealized women (manners/etiquette, nothing distasteful should be seen by women) men earn money women return to traditional roles (power diminishes) demands for suffrage occurs |
| What is social mobility? | ability to move from one class to the next middle class expands this turned husbands into wages and women into homemakers this turned husb |
| What were the new aristocrats? | those who became rich based on industrial success |
| What was the new twist? | now the massive lower class is working side by side able to daily see the huge class discrepancy- saw elite gain wealth at their expense |
| What were safe havens for former slaves? | Sierra Leone-safe haven for former slaves, British colony Liberia- colonization scheme for freed slaves from US |
| What is going on with Russia during 1861? | Russia doesn't have pool of factory labor, no one has money. |
| When is Russia's Emancipation? | 1861, now free no longer bound to land, former serfs, peasants now had to pay for land |
| What did Eli Whitney's cotton gin do to the people in America? | it required more slaves in the south, it may have died out earlier bc cotton farming was a waste of time |
| What did the cotton gin require? | a ton of cheap labor to stick cotton in the machine |
| In the west, what did the awareness of unfair and unequal treatment stimulated by? | Enlightenment theories and active role of women in American and French revs |
| What did the industrial rev create? | a domestic sphere and separate working sphere |
| What was the cult of domesticity? | stressing the women's place on the home- dominated Western culture |
| What occupations were open to women? | child care, teaching, domestic household work, nursing |
| What did women begin to demand? | suffrage, equal opportunity, equal pay, temperance (stop drinking) |
| What did a handful of European nations do? | gave women the right to vote before WWI |
| What are some major political revolutions? | Constitutional limits in Great Britain, total autocracy in France-standard method of ruling-absolute monarchs with aristocrats that controlled land, wealth |
| How were command strands in modern revolutions influenced ? | the intellectual movements and ideas |
| What were the intellectual movements and ideas that influenced the modern revs? | democratic principles of the Enlightenment &Marxist principles that underline Communism |
| Who was important during the IR? | peasants and urban workers |
| What shift began as democratic uprisings? | Authoritarian rule |
| What were the major themes? | Enlightenment philosophies and Latin American Independence |
| When does Chinese dynastic rule end? | early 20th |
| What common theme was going on in the US? | frustration with economic exploitation |
| What were the colonies symbolized by? | "no taxation without representation" |
| Who invented the social contract, but later used it? | Rousseau, John Locke |
| What is the social contract? | rights vs security |
| What did the social contract give people? | rights in exchange for gov maintaining order, people could overthrow gov if they dont |
| What did the social contract inspire? | the type of gov that was created after it succeeded |
| Who wrote the famous pamphlet "Common Sense"? | Thomas Paine |
| What became a powerful tool? | the printing press |
| What happened after the Boston Harbor? | British troops were stationed in Boston |
| What were some protests that occurred in America? | Boston Harbor & Conflict at Lexington and Concord |
| When was the Declaration of Independence? | 1776 |
| Who did America become alliances with? | Britain's enemies |
| Who was more than happy to help us? | France |
| What did the French commit in 1777? | ships, soldiers, weapons and money |
| Who did the Americans finally defeat? | the British forces |
| What were outcomes and effects of the war? | United Stares in 1776, Recognition by other nations and finally the British, loss of territory and revenues by the British |
| Who was the absolute monarch in France? | Louis XVI |
| What were the negative effects of national debt and financial collapse? | France's war debts, droughts damaging French harvests, inflation, unemployment, poor harvests, food shortages |
| What were the positive affect for the King and Queen? | living in lavish luxury in Versailles and the spending of Marie Antoinette |
| Bc Louis XVI wasn't getting anymore money what did he do? | raised taxes--which caused unfair tax system-wealthy First/Second Estates were exempted |
| What privileges accorded the nobility? | Second Estate- 2% of population |
| What privileges accorded the Roman Catholic Church? | First Estate- 1% of population |
| Why was there a rise of the bourgeoisie? | frustrated middle class-possessed wealth and education seen as equals to the peasants of the Third Estate |
| What were most of the philosophers? | French |
| What did philosophers argue in favor of? | fair gov, equal treatment of all citizens, separation of gov powers (Montesquieu), civil rights (freedom for all citizens) |
| How did the Aristocrats challenge the King? | Louis XVI calls Estates General- hadn't met in 175 years |
| What did the bourgeoisies challenge? | the voting process in Estates General. |
| What were the three estates? | clergy, nobility, everyone else |
| Who wanted the changes? | third estate, but was out voted 2-1 |
| How did the third estate declare themselves National Assembly? | Tennis court oath- locked out of hall, demanded a constitution-not just change |
| What started the wave of revolution? | Storming the Bastille |
| Why do the peasants take Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette to Paris? | for "safety" |
| What kind of rights did they want/have? | Declaration of the Rights of Man-- Natural rights based on the Enlightenment, English Bill of Rights and the Declaration of Independence |
| What did the constitution guarantee? | freedom of press/religion- which increased voting rights |
| What encouraged other revolts? | freedom, equality, rule of law (no one above the law) |
| What happened to the church? | altered the monopoly of the Catholic Church freedom of worship |
| Who did the Constitutional Monarchy anger? | those who want to get rid of king and those who want to preserve the feudal system |
| Who did Austria (Marie Antionette's home country) team up with to invade in order to restore the monarchy? | Prussia |
| What happened when the New constitution came in? | Jacobins, national assembly replaced king |
| Who was the reign of terror? | Robespierre |
| What was Robespierre afraid of? | domestic chaos |
| What did Robespierre do to Frenchman? | beheaded tens of thousands |
| What eventually happened to him? | went to far, he was beheaded |
| How many men government? | 5 man government |
| What was a great strategy? | focus on issues abroad, take mind off of domestic problems |
| Whats the cycle of revolution? | Initially-liberal nobility + wealthy middle class this doesn't go far enough-radical reps. of poor take over This is too radical end up moving to middle-conservative backlash people want the good ol days- go back to an autocrat |
| What was the national assembly known as? | Moderate Phase |
| What revocation from the Catholic Church? | privileges |
| How was the monarchy limited? | Louis XVI sat on throne, put power to assembly |
| The rights were not extended to who? | Jews, Protestants, blacks and women |
| What was the National Assembly? | Legislative assembly, radical phase |
| What happened to the royals? | abolished monarchy and the aristocracy, royal family eventually captured trying to escape France |
| What made them try to maintain their monarchy? | threat of foreign invasion |
| What often preceded revolutions and rebellions? | Enlightenment thought |
| Who was Voltaire compared to? | Socrates |
| What did Voltaire do? | challenged religion and said reason was more important |
| What did Rousseau argue for? | natural rights and the social contract (citizens give up some rights for protection given by the government) |
| What did Montesquieu(France) come up with? | a government system that separate powers and had checks and balances this was adopted in the US Constitution |
| What about Locke (England)? | thought that most people were good and would do the right thing, felt they deserved as many rights as they could get, gov should serve people, became the foundation for liberal (libre=free) |
| What about Hobbes? | ppl were born selfish and stubborn, gov must protect the ppl from themselves by giving limited rights and reserving many of them Advocated an absolute monarchy |
| What did the American Declaration do? | declared independence fixed number of problems with King George |
| What was the French Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen? | list of rights all men (not women) have Lockes "all rights but those that harm" Freedom of speech, petition and vote |
| What was Bolivar's "Jamaica Letter"? | asked to describe how Latin America broke free said they were treated like sub-humans now free, Latin American can prosper (spoiler alert-they don't) |
| How did the Enlightenment ideas lead to challenging social structure? | lead to more suffrage, abolition of slavery, end of serfdom |
| What did gov use to unite diverse populations? | nationalism |
| What led to reform and rev? | ppl continued to grow discontented with imperial rule |
| How did subjects challenge strong imperial governments? | Marathas (southern Indian Hindu) rose up against Mughal Empire took much of southern India and allied with Mughals to fight Afghans |
| What facilitated the emergence of independent states in the US, Haiti, and mainland Latin America? | American colonial subjects led a series of rebellions |
| Characteristics of the American Revolution...? | taxes on colonies after French and Indian War no taxation w/o rep followed Locke overthrow gov |
| What were the 3 estates? | 1-Clergy 15% of land 2-Nobility 35% of land Bourgeoisie 3-commoners 50% of land 80% of pop |
| What was the main cause of French Rev? | economic problems |
| What was the start of the FR? | storm of Bastille |
| Why was Louis taken hostage to Paris? | women came to him, children were starving |
| Who had all the power thanks to the Constituition of 1791? | legislative, the rich freaked out, King tried to escape caught by Paris Commune (Rebels) demanded and end to monarchy |
| Who was the sans culottes led by/ | Georges Danton |
| Who did they take the power from? | National assembly |
| What happened to the King? | sentenced to death, killed by guillotine |
| Who pushed for King Louis to be killed? | Marat, Charlotte Corday found out and killed him in the tub. |
| What did Robespierre do to 40,000 people (enemies at home)? | he killed them, they were held in public where dissenters lived. |
| What are 2 examples of this kind of violence? | Lyon 1880 "grapeshot" into open graves. Nantes 3,000 drowned on barge in public. |
| How did the Republic of Virtue try to put new laws in France? | By sending reps into country |
| How did Robespierre Dechristianize France? | changed all the street names or he renamed the Notre Dame Cathedral to Temple of Reason |
| What did the French Army he created consist of? | huge, everyone helped, began nationalism, before it was small professional armies, now people fighting for a purpose |
| What happened to Robespierre? | After France wins, Robespierre still killing. Convention votes to kill him with guillotine. |
| What was the new government? | Directory wl 5 Directors (governors) takes over. Very corrupt. Ppl still mad at Robes, want kings. |
| Who overthrew the government? | Napoleon Bonaparte |
| Whose Napoleon Bonaparte? | Dad was a lawyer, went to military school, learned a lot from France Rev, Rises through army, becomes leader. |
| What did he do to the government? | overthrows government, calls new gov Consulate. He is the consul, has absolute power. |
| What did Napoleon begin to calling himself? | Emperor Napoleon I |
| What did he bring back that Robes took away? | made peace w/ church, brought laws together, took rights from women, let middle class join office, opened mail, controlled newspapers |
| What was the wars like? | defeats EUR countries, allies together against England |
| Who made up for it when Nap stopped goods from going to Britain? | Latin America and Middle East |
| How did nationalism grow? | other countries hated French as oppressors. Also, France showed them how nationalism could overthrow a gov. |
| What happened when Nap brings 600,000 to Russia? | Louis 18 takes throne, nap gets sent to Elba then comes back to France. |
| What did Nap do in Belgium? | got an army |
| Who defeated him in waterloo? | defeated them, Nap was then exiled and sent to St. Helena off of Africa |
| What was bad about Napoleon? | wars lasted for years, cost a ton, killed a ton, denied women basic rights, censored speech and the press. |
| What was good about Napoleon? | Bank of France, Napoleonic Code-Civil Law Code-French Law, Established Universities, Granted Religious freedom |
| What was the American Revolution more like? | colonial uprising against imperial power-independence movement. |
| Why was the French Rev more of a Revolution? | actually want to change political/economic system. Not a transfer of power, social/political structure dramatically changes |
| As for US/Britain what stays the same? | structure |
| The US Rev was the first to break away since when? | Age of Exploration 300 years |
| What were these ideas adopted into? | Declaration of Independence, Constitution, and French Revolution |
| What were causes of the Haitian Rev? | 90% slave huge plantations, Enlightenment reading of creoles and mulattoes, inspired by French Rev, success of Americas Rev, Europe in chaos w/ Napoleon |
| Who joins when Britain and Spain send troops? | Slaves and the French |
| What happened at the end of the civil war? | slaves freed and in power, still a French colony |
| Whos troops tried to end the rule of the slave? | Napoleon |
| How did the slaves win over the French? | Haitians are capable fighters, yellow fever, L'ouventure captured and imprisoned French, Napoleon gives up |
| When was Haiti's independence declared? | 1804-it was the first independent nation in Latin America |
| What were the long term effects of Napoleon giving up Haiti? | he chose to abandon effort to maintain French Colonies in N. America, sold Louisiana Territory to US |
| What 2 causes did Latin America and the US have in common? | growing sense of national identity, local resentment of Spanish/Portuguese economic policies |
| Who was the spark/catalyst of the Latin American IM? | Napoleon, confusion over who was ruling, perfect opportunity to take advantage |
| What were other causes of the LAIM? | no constitutions, civil liberties, political right, dictators. |
| What was wrong with their economy and society? | backwards-years of extraction of resources and monoculture, slow to industrialize, racial inequalities, outsiders have huge influence |
| Who was Father Hidalgo? | cried for independence, led mestizo rebellion, killed, martyred. |
| Who took after when Hidalgo died? | Jose Morelos, the liberals finally overthrew Spanish and instated a republic. |
| outcome of 1st Mexican rev? | turmoil, corruption, French invade and try to occupy, Benito Juarez starts social reforms |
| Mexican Rev #2? | Dictator Diaz takes over, poor have to pay taxes, no land ownership, civil war |
| What is there Constitution made of? | gov took ownership of natural resources and Church property, minimum wage, made Catholicism only religion, universal male suffrage |
| Venezuelan Rev? | Simon Bolivar declares war ousts Spanish and French, Makes new country Gran Columbia, Leads to rest of South America becoming free by friend Jose San Martin (Argentina, Chile, Peru) |
| What is the Gran Columbia? | Columbia, Ecuador, Venezuela |
| During the Brazilian Rev while Napoleon is taking Portugal, what happens to King John VI? | he flees to Brazil |
| Then what does King John VI do after that? | goes back to Portugal, leaves son Pedro to rule |
| What does Pedro do while he rules Brazil? | Makes Brazil stable under a monarch, abolishes slavery, leads to republic later |
| What challenged existing authorities in the Americas? | slave resistance |
| What are Maroon societies? | means fugitive, escaped slave societies in Latin and N. America, some became stable with trade, others were very small and tribal |
| What contributed to anticolonial movements? | increasing questions about political authority and growing nationalism |
| Who was the Boxer Rebellion? | Boxers-Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists |
| What was the Boxer Rebellion? | anti-European, anti-Christian, martial arts experts, goal was to drive Eur & Jap out of China, tactics were guerilla warfare against Christian missionaries |
| Who were the Boxer Rebellions defeated by? | European/Japanese when they sent in reinforcements |
| What was China forced to sign? | the Boxer Protocol-payments to Japanese/Europeans |
| in 1857, When the British East India Co. used Indians (Sepoys) as soldiers, why did the Sepoys begin to become frustrated? | taking up too much of India, Not respecting Muslim/Hindu customs, Bullet cartridge greased with pork/beef fat- forbidden (rumor) |
| What massacres and atrocities occurred on both sides? | Tens of thousands killed-British soldiers, civilians, Indian troops Hindus/Muslim failed to cooperate with each other |
| What were the reactions? | British make India a crown colony, 300 million Indians become British subjects |
| What were some of the rebellions influenced by? | religious ideas and millenarianism |
| What was the Taiping Rebellion? | led by Hong Xiuquan (Christian, Jesus Bro), wanted to bring in Christian "Heavenly Kingdom" to China, Eventually defeated by China, US, Great Britain |
| What was the 2nd deadliest war in history after WWII? | Taiping Rebellion |
| What is millenarianism? | religious beliefs that turn to a 1,000 year multiple will bring about a new way of life. -Taiping Rebellion 1850ish Boxer Rebellion 1900 (Both on Chinese Calender) |
| What did responses to increasingly frequent rebellions lead to? | reforms in imperial policies. |
| What was the Tanzimat Reforms? | important reform that measures undertaken in the Ottoman Empire beginning in 1839. Tanzimat means reorganization |
| What was a self strengthing movement? | China's program of internal reform in the 1860s-1870s, based on vigorous application of Confucian principles and limited borrowing from the west. |
| What did the global spread of European political and social thought and increasing numbers of rebellions stimulate? | new transnational idelogies and solidarities (Enlightenment lead to Nationalism) |
| What did the discontent with monarchist and imperial rule encourage? | the development of politcal idelogies, including liberalism, socialism, and communism. |
| What were liberal ideas like Lockes? | influence revolutions in France, US, and Latin America. |
| How did factory conditions lead to communism and socialism in Russia? | sort of an extreme reform, England and US have less extreme reforms such as labor unions |
| What challegenged politcal and gender heirarchies? | demand for women's suffrage and an emergent feminism. |
| Thanks to Mary Wollstone craft what happended when she created equal education for girls? | it lead to equality along all men. |
| How was Mary Wollstonecraft's life? | autodidact (taught self to read), abusive father, battered mother, cared for dieing mom sister and friend, died of childbirth. |
| Why was Seneca Falls important? | it was a conference held in NY of middle class women (Quakers), created declaration of equal rights |
| What was the Declaration of the Rights of Women and Female Citizen (De Gouges-France)? | Angry that French Rev left out women. Mocked Male Declaration of Rights. |
| What was migration influenced by? | changes in demography in both industrialized and unindustrialized societies that presented challenges to existing patterns of living. |
| What contributed to the significant global rise in population? | changes in food production and improved medical conditions |
| Why did internal and external migrants increasingly relocate to cities? | because of the nature of the new modes of transportation. |
| Why did people usually migrate? | in search of work\ |
| What were manual laborers doing? | in China to W. US-railroads, Europe to E. US-factory work, Japan to Pacific islands-ag work |
| What did the new global capitalist economy continue to rely on? | coerced (forced by the gov.) and semicoerced (forced by the situation) labor migration |
| What were Chinese indentured servants? | Taiping and Boxer Rebellion make things bad for people. Chinese men become IS in Caribbean for opportunity to gain fortune after service. |
| What were the Indian indentured servants? | British sentenced debtors to serve on sugar plantations in the Indian Ocean. Protested by anti slavery activists |
| While many migrants permanently relocated, what happened to the rest of them? | a significant number of temporary and seasonal migrants returned to their homes. |
| What workers were voluntary and temporary? | Japanese Ag workers in Pacific Islands |
| What helped transplant their culture into new environments and facilitated the development of migrant support networks? | When migrants often created ethnic enclaves in different parts of the world. |
| What was Indians migrating to East and Southern Africa, Caribbean and Southeast Asia like? | Little Italy and Chinatown, they shared cultures and language |
| Why did some states attempt to regulate the increased flow of people across their borders? | bc they didn't always embrace immigrants |
| What are the Chinese Exclusion Acts? | US banned Chinese immigrants for 10 years Chinese came for the California gold rush Racism led them to be blamed for poor post Civil War economy. |
| What established transoceanic empires? | industrializing powers |
| How did England begin control in India? | by controlling trade, moved to total control after Sepoy Mutiny. |
| What caused the defeat between England and Sepoy Mutiny? | the Hindu/Muslim drama |
| How did England rule India? | directly through Viceroy (governors that rep monarch) |
| How big was the colony in India? | largest colony in world 300 million people |
| Why did England's control of the economy lead to starvation? | they were forced to grow cotton not food |
| Where did Europe, the Americas and Japan establish empires? | throughout Asia and Pacific |
Created by:
1213meganhouk
Popular World History sets