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Nervous System
A&P Corbit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which 2 systems have the man responsibility of ensuring homeostasis | nervous & endocrine |
| List 3 overlapping functions of the nervous system | sensory input, integration, motor output |
| CNS= | Central Nervous System |
| The CNS consist of the | brain and spinal cord |
| PNS= | Peripheral Nervous System |
| The PNS consist of | cranial nerves and spinal nervous |
| Neuron= | nerve cell |
| Neuroglia= | nerve glue |
| Axons= | carries outgoing signals |
| Dendrites= | receives incoming signals |
| Synapse= | gap between cells |
| Neurotransmitters= | chemicals |
| Myelin= | insulators for axons |
| Schwann Cells= | insulation of the axons in the PNS, AKA myelin sheath |
| Neurilemma (neurolemma)= | allows for the possibility of regeneration in the PNS |
| Multiple sclerosis= | effects the myelin sheath |
| Ganglia= | small collection of cell bodies in spinal cord |
| White matter= | myelinated |
| Gray matter= | unmyelinated |
| What is a cell when its polarized | relaxed |
| When a cell is depolarized the cell is | acting |
| Define reflexes | rapid automatic responses to a stimulus (involuntary) |
| Somatic reflexes stimulate what | the skeletal muscles |
| Autonomic reflexes regulate the activity of what | smooth muscles |
| The CNS first appears as the | neural tube |
| The largest part of the brain is the | cerebrum |
| Coordination is regulated by the | cerebellum |
| How many cerebral hemispheres? | 2 |
| Name the lobes of the cerebrum | frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital |
| The surface of the brain is known as the | cerebral cortex |
| The cerebral cortex consists of | gray matter |
| What lobe receives impulses stretch receptors in muscles for conscious muscle sense and also functions with the sense of taste | parietal lobes |
| what functions with the olfactory and auditory reactions | temporal lobes |
| What area lets you think before you speak | temporal lobes |
| what lobes are for vision and for neural plasticity | occipital lobes |
| What lobes are the motor area that generate impulses for voluntary movement | frontal lobes |
| The Broca's area controls | speech |
| The left motor area controls the ______ side of the body | right |
| The right motor controls the ________ side of the body | left |
| What controls subconscious aspects of voluntary movements, and helps regulate muscle tone | cerebellum |
| What connects the left and right hemispheres, and allows one hemisphere to know the activity of the other | corpus callosom |
| The brain has how many ventricles | 4 |
| the brain 4 ventricles contain ____________which forms CSF from blood plasma | choroid plexuses |
| Choroid plexus forms | CSF from blood plasma |
| what area of the brain gives us our personality and sense of humor | association |
| The _____________ helps us form memories | hippo campus |
| What is concerned with sensation (except smell); supresses unimportant sensations | thalamus |
| What is your bodies thermostat and regulates the body temperature | hypothalamus |
| The 3 areas of the brain stem are | mid-brain, pons and medulla oblongata |
| Which part of the brain stem is involved with vision and hearing | mid-brain |
| Which part of the brain stem controls the respiratory rate | pons |
| Which part of the brain stem controls our vital signs (B/P, pulse, respirations), swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, etc? | medulla oblongata |
| hypothalamus functions | produce ACh, produce growth hormone, regulate body temp, regulate food intake, regulate activity of the automatic nervous system, stimulate visceral responces, regulate body rhythm (circidian rhythm) |
| Define ataxia | lack of coordination, clumsy |
| What is the name of the barrier that provides protection from harmful substances in the blood | blood-brain barrier |
| Prevents potentially harmful substances from passing from the blood to the brain | blood-brain barrier |
| List the three layers of the meninges | dura-mater (outer layer), arachnoid mater (middle layer), pia mater (inner layer) |
| CSF= | cerebrospinal fluid |
| The CSF is continually formed from blood by the ________ | choroid plexuses, in each of the brains ventricles |
| The CSF forms a cushion that | protects |
| The reabsorption rate of CSF should be the | same as the rate of production |
| Define hydrocephalus | CSF leaks into the brain |
| Define concussion | slight brain injury, no bleeding |
| Define contusion | brain strikes and rebounds off the skull causing brusing (bleeding) |
| CVA= | cerebrovascular accident (stroke) |
| TIA= | transient ischemic attack (mini stroke) |
| Define Alzheimer's disease | progressive degenerative disorder of the brain, loss of short term memory |
| Parkinson's disease affects which part of the brain | basal ganglia |
| The spinal cord begins at | medulla oblongata |
| The spinal cord ends between | L1-L2 |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there | 31 |
| PNS= | peripheral nervous system |
| What is a bundle of neuron fibers found outside the CNS | a nerve |
| How many pairs of cranial nerves are there | 12 |
| ANS= | Autonomic nervous system |
| Sympathetic nervous system is known as | flight or fight |
| The parasympathetic nervous system is known as | resting and digesting |
| What causes cerebral palsy | decrease of oxygen during delivery |
| EEG= | electroencephalogram |
| EEG measures | brain wave activity |
| Anencephaly = | no brain |
| Spina bifida= | vertebra not completely fomed |
| thrombus | clot that does not move |
| embolus | clot that moves |
| Aneurysm= | localized dialation of vessel or ballooning |
| Hemianopia= | half vision |
| Apoplexy | stroke |
| TIA= | transient ischemic attack |
| Paraplegia= | lower limbs are paralyzed |
| Quadriplegia= | all 4 limbs are paralyzed |
| Hemiplegia= | one side of body is paralyzed |
| MS= | Multiple sclerosis - affects the myelin sheath |
| Contrecoup injury | counter blow, 2 injuries |
| Sympathetic effects on the eye | dilation of pupils, focusing for near vision |
| Parasympathetic effects of the eye | constriction of pupils, focusing for distance vision |
| Sympathetic effects on sweat glands | increases secretion |
| Parasympathetic effects on sweat glands | none |
| Sympathetic effects on tear glands | secretion |
| Parasympathetic effects on tear glands | none |
| Sympathetic effects on the Arrector pili muscles | contraction, erection of hairs |
| Parasympathetic effects on the Arrector pili muscle | none |
| Sympathetic effects on the blood vessels | vasoconstriction and vasodilation |
| Parasympathetic effects on the blood vessels | none |
| Sympathetic effects on the heart | increases heart rate. force of contraction, and blood pressure |
| Parasympathetic effects on the heart | decreases heart rate. force of contraction, and blood presure |
| Sympathetic effects on the Respiratory System - airways | increases diameter |
| Parasympathetic effects on the Respiratory System - airways | decreases diameter |
| Sympathetic effects on the Respiratory System - Respiratory rate | increase rate |
| Parasympathetic effects on the Respiratory System - Respiratory rate | decrease rate |
| Sympathetic effects on the Digestive systems - general level of activity | decreases activity |
| Parasympathetic effects on the Digestive systems - general level of activity | increases activity |
| Sympathetic effects on the Digestive systems - liver | glycogen breakdown, glucose synthesis and release |
| Parasympathetic effects on the Digestive systems - liver | glycogen synthesis |
| Sympathetic effects on the Urinary System -kidneys | decreases urine production |
| Parasympathetic effects on the Urinary System -kidneys | Increase urine production |
| Sympathetic effects on the Urinary System -urinary bladder | constricts sphincter, relaxes urinary bladder |
| Parasympathetic effects on the Urinary System -urinary bladder | tenses urinary bladder, relaxes sphincter to eliminate urine |
| How many cervical spinal nerves are there | 8 pairs |
| How many thoracic nerves are there | 12 pairs |
| How many lumbar nerves are there | 5 pair |
| How many sacrum nerves are there | 5 pair |
| how many coccgeal nerves are there | 1 pair |
| Cranial nerve functions - Olfactory | smell |
| Cranial nerve functions - Optic | vision |
| Cranial nerve functions- Oculomotor | eyeball |
| Cranial nerve functions - Trochlear | eyeball |
| Cranial nerve functions -Trigeminal | face scalp and teeth |
| Cranial nerve functions -Abducens | eyeball |
| Cranial nerve functions - facial | facial expressions |
| Cranial nerve function- Vestibulocochlear | balance and hearing |
| Cranial nerve function- Glossopharyngeal | pharynx & tastebuds |
| Cranial nerve function- Vagus | controls abdominal & thoracic visera |
| Cranial nerve function - Spinal accessory | neck and shoulder muscles |
| Cranial nerve function - hypoglossal | movement of the tounge |
| Knee jerk reflex is an example of | somatic reflex |
| Phrenic nerve activates | the diaphragm |
| The changes occurring within or outside that affect the nervous system functioning are called | stimuli |
Created by:
jhowe2323
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