A&P Corbit
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| Which 2 systems have the man responsibility of ensuring homeostasis | nervous & endocrine
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| List 3 overlapping functions of the nervous system | sensory input, integration, motor output
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| CNS= | Central Nervous System
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| The CNS consist of the | brain and spinal cord
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| PNS= | Peripheral Nervous System
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| The PNS consist of | cranial nerves and spinal nervous
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| Neuron= | nerve cell
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| Neuroglia= | nerve glue
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| Axons= | carries outgoing signals
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| Dendrites= | receives incoming signals
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| Synapse= | gap between cells
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| Neurotransmitters= | chemicals
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| Myelin= | insulators for axons
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| Schwann Cells= | insulation of the axons in the PNS, AKA myelin sheath
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| Neurilemma (neurolemma)= | allows for the possibility of regeneration in the PNS
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| Multiple sclerosis= | effects the myelin sheath
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| Ganglia= | small collection of cell bodies in spinal cord
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| White matter= | myelinated
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| Gray matter= | unmyelinated
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| What is a cell when its polarized | relaxed
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| When a cell is depolarized the cell is | acting
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| Define reflexes | rapid automatic responses to a stimulus (involuntary)
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| Somatic reflexes stimulate what | the skeletal muscles
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| Autonomic reflexes regulate the activity of what | smooth muscles
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| The CNS first appears as the | neural tube
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| The largest part of the brain is the | cerebrum
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| Coordination is regulated by the | cerebellum
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| How many cerebral hemispheres? | 2
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| Name the lobes of the cerebrum | frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
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| The surface of the brain is known as the | cerebral cortex
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| The cerebral cortex consists of | gray matter
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| What lobe receives impulses stretch receptors in muscles for conscious muscle sense and also functions with the sense of taste | parietal lobes
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| what functions with the olfactory and auditory reactions | temporal lobes
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| What area lets you think before you speak | temporal lobes
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| what lobes are for vision and for neural plasticity | occipital lobes
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| What lobes are the motor area that generate impulses for voluntary movement | frontal lobes
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| The Broca's area controls | speech
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| The left motor area controls the ______ side of the body | right
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| The right motor controls the ________ side of the body | left
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| What controls subconscious aspects of voluntary movements, and helps regulate muscle tone | cerebellum
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| What connects the left and right hemispheres, and allows one hemisphere to know the activity of the other | corpus callosom
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| The brain has how many ventricles | 4
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| the brain 4 ventricles contain ____________which forms CSF from blood plasma | choroid plexuses
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| Choroid plexus forms | CSF from blood plasma
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| what area of the brain gives us our personality and sense of humor | association
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| The _____________ helps us form memories | hippo campus
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| What is concerned with sensation (except smell); supresses unimportant sensations | thalamus
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| What is your bodies thermostat and regulates the body temperature | hypothalamus
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| The 3 areas of the brain stem are | mid-brain, pons and medulla oblongata
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| Which part of the brain stem is involved with vision and hearing | mid-brain
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| Which part of the brain stem controls the respiratory rate | pons
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| Which part of the brain stem controls our vital signs (B/P, pulse, respirations), swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, etc? | medulla oblongata
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| hypothalamus functions | produce ACh, produce growth hormone, regulate body temp, regulate food intake, regulate activity of the automatic nervous system, stimulate visceral responces, regulate body rhythm (circidian rhythm)
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| Define ataxia | lack of coordination, clumsy
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| What is the name of the barrier that provides protection from harmful substances in the blood | blood-brain barrier
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| Prevents potentially harmful substances from passing from the blood to the brain | blood-brain barrier
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| List the three layers of the meninges | dura-mater (outer layer), arachnoid mater (middle layer), pia mater (inner layer)
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| CSF= | cerebrospinal fluid
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| The CSF is continually formed from blood by the ________ | choroid plexuses, in each of the brains ventricles
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| The CSF forms a cushion that | protects
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| The reabsorption rate of CSF should be the | same as the rate of production
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| Define hydrocephalus | CSF leaks into the brain
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| Define concussion | slight brain injury, no bleeding
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| Define contusion | brain strikes and rebounds off the skull causing brusing (bleeding)
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| CVA= | cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
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| TIA= | transient ischemic attack (mini stroke)
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| Define Alzheimer's disease | progressive degenerative disorder of the brain, loss of short term memory
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| Parkinson's disease affects which part of the brain | basal ganglia
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| The spinal cord begins at | medulla oblongata
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| The spinal cord ends between | L1-L2
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| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there | 31
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| PNS= | peripheral nervous system
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| What is a bundle of neuron fibers found outside the CNS | a nerve
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| How many pairs of cranial nerves are there | 12
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| ANS= | Autonomic nervous system
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| Sympathetic nervous system is known as | flight or fight
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| The parasympathetic nervous system is known as | resting and digesting
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| What causes cerebral palsy | decrease of oxygen during delivery
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| EEG= | electroencephalogram
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| EEG measures | brain wave activity
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| Anencephaly = | no brain
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| Spina bifida= | vertebra not completely fomed
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| thrombus | clot that does not move
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| embolus | clot that moves
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| Aneurysm= | localized dialation of vessel or ballooning
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| Hemianopia= | half vision
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| Apoplexy | stroke
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| TIA= | transient ischemic attack
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| Paraplegia= | lower limbs are paralyzed
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| Quadriplegia= | all 4 limbs are paralyzed
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| Hemiplegia= | one side of body is paralyzed
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| MS= | Multiple sclerosis - affects the myelin sheath
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| Contrecoup injury | counter blow, 2 injuries
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| Sympathetic effects on the eye | dilation of pupils, focusing for near vision
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| Parasympathetic effects of the eye | constriction of pupils, focusing for distance vision
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| Sympathetic effects on sweat glands | increases secretion
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| Parasympathetic effects on sweat glands | none
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| Sympathetic effects on tear glands | secretion
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| Parasympathetic effects on tear glands | none
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| Sympathetic effects on the Arrector pili muscles | contraction, erection of hairs
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| Parasympathetic effects on the Arrector pili muscle | none
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| Sympathetic effects on the blood vessels | vasoconstriction and vasodilation
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| Parasympathetic effects on the blood vessels | none
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| Sympathetic effects on the heart | increases heart rate. force of contraction, and blood pressure
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| Parasympathetic effects on the heart | decreases heart rate. force of contraction, and blood presure
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| Sympathetic effects on the Respiratory System - airways | increases diameter
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| Parasympathetic effects on the Respiratory System - airways | decreases diameter
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| Sympathetic effects on the Respiratory System - Respiratory rate | increase rate
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| Parasympathetic effects on the Respiratory System - Respiratory rate | decrease rate
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| Sympathetic effects on the Digestive systems - general level of activity | decreases activity
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| Parasympathetic effects on the Digestive systems - general level of activity | increases activity
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| Sympathetic effects on the Digestive systems - liver | glycogen breakdown, glucose synthesis and release
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| Parasympathetic effects on the Digestive systems - liver | glycogen synthesis
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| Sympathetic effects on the Urinary System -kidneys | decreases urine production
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| Parasympathetic effects on the Urinary System -kidneys | Increase urine production
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| Sympathetic effects on the Urinary System -urinary bladder | constricts sphincter, relaxes urinary bladder
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| Parasympathetic effects on the Urinary System -urinary bladder | tenses urinary bladder, relaxes sphincter to eliminate urine
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| How many cervical spinal nerves are there | 8 pairs
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| How many thoracic nerves are there | 12 pairs
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| How many lumbar nerves are there | 5 pair
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| How many sacrum nerves are there | 5 pair
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| how many coccgeal nerves are there | 1 pair
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| Cranial nerve functions - Olfactory | smell
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| Cranial nerve functions - Optic | vision
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| Cranial nerve functions- Oculomotor | eyeball
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| Cranial nerve functions - Trochlear | eyeball
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| Cranial nerve functions -Trigeminal | face scalp and teeth
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| Cranial nerve functions -Abducens | eyeball
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| Cranial nerve functions - facial | facial expressions
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| Cranial nerve function- Vestibulocochlear | balance and hearing
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| Cranial nerve function- Glossopharyngeal | pharynx & tastebuds
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| Cranial nerve function- Vagus | controls abdominal & thoracic visera
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| Cranial nerve function - Spinal accessory | neck and shoulder muscles
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| Cranial nerve function - hypoglossal | movement of the tounge
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| Knee jerk reflex is an example of | somatic reflex
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| Phrenic nerve activates | the diaphragm
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| The changes occurring within or outside that affect the nervous system functioning are called | stimuli
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