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ss classical greece
chapter 5 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| polis | city-state |
| acropolis | high area in polis; housed fortifications, temples to the gods, and spaces for public ceremonies |
| agora | marketplace |
| helots | state slaves |
| hoplites | foot soldiers |
| hubris | great pride |
| democracy | a form of government run by the people |
| Solon | a lawmaker who revised the laws in the 590s BC; outlawed debt slavery and encouraged trade |
| tyrant | a strong man who seizes power by force and claims to rule for the good of the people |
| Cleisthenes | a reformer who took over Athens and set the stage for Athenian democracy |
| direct democracy | a system in which all people vote directly on an issue |
| archon | an elected official who served as the chief of state in Athens |
| phalanx | a tight rectangle formation in which soldiers held long spears out ahead of a wall of shields |
| Pericles | a skilled politician and gifted public speaker who was elected one of Athens' generals in the 460s BC and was re-elected many times |
| Socrates | first of the great Athenian philosophers; interested in concepts such as truth, justice, and virtue |
| Plato | one of Socrates' students, became another great philosopher; the nature of truth and goodness, the ideal form of government, and more |
| Aristotle | a third great philosopher; interested in the nature of the world around him rather than just human behavior; reason and logic |
| reason | clear and ordered thinking |
| logic | the process of making inferences |
| Homer | poet; wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey |
| lyric poetry | poetry that deal with emotions and desires rather than just a story |
| Herodotus | the first major writer of history in Greece |
| Thucydides | second major historian; wrote about the Peloponnesian War |
| Alexander the Great | son of a king named Philip II; helped him lead Macedonia to power |
| Hellenistic | Greeklike |
| Euclid | Hellenistic scholar in Egypt; formulated many of the ideas about geometry that we have today |
| Eratosthenes | Hellenistic scholar in Egypt; calculated the size of the world |
| Archimedes | Hellenistic scholar; one of the world's greatest inventors; used levers and pulleys and other devices in his inventions |
Created by:
bowtiecat11
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